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What the Ancients Did for Us

What the Ancients Did for Us is a 2005 BBC documentary series presented by Adam Hart-Davis that examines the impact of ancient civilizations on modern society.

Production

The series was produced in conjunction with the Open University and is a departure from the previous series not only in that each episode is an hour long rather than half an hour (though heavily edited half-hour versions have also been shown), but also in that it does not concentrate on a single period of history but rather one ancient civilization per episode including the Chinese, the Indians and the Greeks.

Episodes

Episode one: The Islamic World

This episode features reports from Zain in Egypt, Spain and France elaborated by demonstrations from Adam Hart-Davis, Marty Jopson and expert guests that examine the ideas and inventions that emerged from the Islamic Golden Age.

Episode two: The Chinese

This episode features reports from Darling in China and demonstrations from Hart-Davis and Jopsom that examine the ideas and inventions that emerged from Ancient China.

  • Canals linked the Yellow River and the Yangzi River in the 3rd century BC for transport and communication across the vast empire.
  • The segmented arch bridge demonstrated by Hart-Davis in a potted history of bridge design was developed in the 7th century AD.
  • Silk developed in China from the cocoons of silkworms is demonstrated to be weight-for-weight stronger than steel in a tug-of-war.
  • The seismograph recreated by Jopsom based on the pendulum principal of its modern equivalent was developed in the 2nd century AD.
  • Noodles developed as early as 5000 BC were taken back to Italy by Marco Polo in the 13th century.
  • Tuned bells developed around 600 AD and are demonstrated by Hart-Davis to be the basis of a standardised system of measurement.
  • The double acting piston bellows used in the early iron industry and in the development of the first flamethrower is recreated by Jopsom.
  • Kite making goes back a thousand years and demonstrates a basic understanding of aerodynamics.
  • Paper first made around 100 AD was used in the art of calligraphy demonstrated to Darling and as toilet paper demonstrated by Hart-Davis.
  • Block printing was used by Monks for the distribution of the Buddhist sutras with the earliest known printed book dated to 868 AD.
  • Paper money originally developed by private businessmen to confound highwaymen was taken up by the state in the 11th century.
  • Gunpowder accidentally discovered by alchemists over 1,000 years ago was used in fireworks and bombs as demonstrated by Davis.

Episode three: The Aztecs, Maya and Incas

This episode examines the ideas and inventions that emerged from the Aztec, Mayan and Incan peoples of Pre-columbian America.

Episode four: The Romans

This episode examines the ideas and inventions that emerged from Ancient Rome.

Episode five: The Indians

This episode features reports from Darling in India and demonstrations from Hart-Davis, Jopson and other experts that examine the ideas and inventions that emerged from Ancient India.

  • Water clocks to regulate Buddhist meditations are discovered by Darling and recreated by Jopson for demonstration.
  • Observatories, like the 18th century Jantar Mantar visited by Darling, precisely monitored the sun for more accurate measurements of time.
  • Harappan cities, like the 4,000-year-old Dholavira visited by Darling, were built to a grid-plan and boasted the world's first sewage system.
  • Indian numerals, including the number zero discovered by Darling in a 9th-century temple, revolutionised modern mathematics.
  • Cotton cultivated, woven and coloured with traditional techniques taught to Darling by local workers for export all over the world.
  • Metalworking resulted in wonders like the iron pillar visited by Darling and Wootz steel.
  • Yoga as demonstrated by Darling developed 4,000 years ago to unite the spiritual and the physical.
  • Herbal remedies, using ingredients such as cocoa butter, ginseng and ginger, have been adopted into Western medicine.
  • Surgery, including early plastic surgery, developed some 2,500 years ago.
  • Inoculation against smallpox, as demonstrated by Davis on Jompson, emerged centuries before Edward Jenner.
  • Chess is a simplified version of the ancient Indian game of military strategy chaturanga.
  • Rockets demonstrated at the Royal Artillery Museum were first deployed against the British Army by the Tipu Sultan in 1780.

Episode six: The Mesopotamians

This episode features reports from Cockburn in Syria and Bahrain elaborated by demonstrations from Hart-Davis, Jopson and a variety of experts that examine ideas and inventions of the Mesopotamians.

  • Wooden frames demonstrated by Cockburn for the mass production of mud bricks used in building the first cities.
  • Irrigation devices, including the Archimedes' screw demonstrated by Jopson, improved agricultural yield and protected against flooding.
  • Liver omens demonstrated to Davies used systemically recorded observations to understand the world in a primitive science.
  • The Zodiac and horoscopes gave priests the astronomical know-how to accurately predict the coming of the seasons.
  • Farming developed around 10,000 years ago with inventions such as the plough, the sickle, demonstrated by Cockburn.
  • Yeast used in recipes for bread and beer, demonstrated by Cockburn and Davies, first recorded around 4,000 years ago.
  • Cuneiform characters impressed into soft clay tablets with a stylus as demonstrated by Cockburn was the first writing system.
  • Literature such as the Epic of Gilgamesh related by Davies was first written down some 4,000 years ago.
  • Diving and Sailing, demonstrated by Cockburn and Davies, are first recorded in the Epic.
  • Organised warfare with uniformed soldiers carrying standardised weapons is first recorded 4,500 years ago on the Standard of Ur.
  • Buoyancy aids made from inflatable goatskins, demonstrated by Cockburn, allowed armies to cross rivers.
  • The wheel used on war chariots and siege engines recreated by Cockburn and Jopsom was developed over 4,000 years ago.

Episode seven: The Egyptians

This episode features reports from Zain in Egypt elaborated by demonstrations from Adam Hart-Davis, Marty Jopson and expert guests that examine developments of the Ancient Egyptians.

  • Boat building, like the sewn-plank vessel reconstructed by Jopsom, allowed trade along the Nile and beyond.
  • Mass-production, using the foot-bellows reconstructed by Jopsom, supplied the tools used to construct the great monuments.
  • Early dam building, like the Dam of the Pagans reconstructed by Jopsom, failed to control flooding and was abandoned.
  • Mummification techniques, demonstrated by Hart-Davis, indicate an advanced understanding of human anatomy.
  • Propaganda, like that visited by Zain at Luxor Temple, was carved to demonstrate the power of the Pharaohs.
  • Hieroglyphs, decoded from the Rosetta Stone explained to Hart-Davis, were used to record the civilisation.
  • Glass making, using core-forming demonstrated to Hart-Davis, provided a material now taken for granted.
  • Craftsmanship, demonstrated by the treasures of Tutankhamun visited, is still greatly admired.
  • Furniture making, using techniques and tools demonstrated by Jopsom, are little changed today.
  • Recreational fishing, demonstrated by Hart-Davis, originated with the Ancient Egyptian nobility.
  • Astronomical observations, demonstrated by Hart-Davis, allowed for the perfect alignment of the pyramids.
  • Wooden sledges, reconstructed by Jopsom, transported the blocks used to construct the Pyramids.

Episode eight: The Greeks

This episode features reports from Cockburn in Greece and Italy elaborated by demonstrations from Hart-Davis, Jopson and expert guests that examine the ideas and inventions that emerged from Ancient Greece.

Episode nine: The Britons

This episode features reports from around the British Isles by Hart-Davis and Darling elaborated by demonstrations from Jopson and a variety of experts that examine the ideas and inventions of the Ancient Britons.

  • Flint tools, like the 700,000-year-old flint hand-axe found on the Norfolk coast, are the earliest man-made tools.
  • Settlements, like the 5,000-year-old Skara Brae visited by Hart-Davis, are the earliest known in Europe.
  • Henges, like Woodhenge visited by Darling, indicate a rich spiritual life connected to the seasons.
  • Solar observations, demonstrated by Hart-Davis, allowed the accurate charting of the passing seasons for agriculture.
  • Bronze making, introduced by the beaker people and demonstrated by Hart-Davis, was the first man-made alloy.
  • Roundhouses, demonstrated to Darling at the Peak Moors Centre, Somerset Levels, were unique in Europe.
  • Gold artefacts, like those at the National Museum of Ireland visited by Darling, are amongst the finest in Europe.
  • Sewn plank boats, such as the Dover Bronze Age Boat visited by Darling, could carry large cargos.
  • Navigational techniques, using tools such as the Lead and Line demonstrated to Darling, allowed trade with Europe.
  • Iron working, demonstrated to Darling, allowed the construction of weapons used in the first organised warfare.
  • Coin making, introduced from Europe and demonstrated by Jopsom, records the earliest samples of writing in Britain.
  • Chariot making, demonstrated to Darling by Robert Herford, provided a powerful weapon against the invading Romans.

See also

External links