The West Midland Railway was an early British railway company. It was formed on 1 July 1860 by the (23 & 24 Vict. c. lxxxi) which merged several older railway companies. It was amalgamated with the Great Western Railway on 1 August 1863. It was the successor to the Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway (OWWR).
The original constituent companies were the Newport, Abergavenny and Hereford Railway (incorporated 1846 and opened 1854), the Worcester and Hereford Railway (incorporated 1853 and opened 1859), and the Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway (incorporated 1845 and opened 1850); which had already absorbed the Stratford and Moreton Tramway (incorporated 1821 and opened 1826).
On 1 July 1861, the leased the Coleford, Monmouth, Usk and Pontypool Railway (incorporated 1853 and opened 1857). In 1862, it also leased the Leominster and Kington Railway (opened 1857) and the Severn Valley Railway (from opening).
The West Midland Railway was dissolved by the (26 & 27 Vict. c. cxiii) on 1 August 1863, with its powers and obligations being vested in the Great Western Railway. The West Midland Railway Company itself continued in existence until complete amalgamation was brought about by the Great Western Railway Act 1872 (35 & 36 Vict. c. cxxix).