The Vilnius Uprising of 1794 () began on April 22, 1794, during which Polish-Lithuanian force led by Jakub Jasià Âski fought Russian forces occupying the city during the Koà Âciuszko Uprising. The Russians were expelled from Vilnius, and thanks to Jasià Âski's skill, no casualties were sustained during the bloodless uprising. Vilnius townspeople also actively participated in the city's defense from the Russians, some even by throwing stones at them.
A Russian garrison of some 2,000 was stationed in Vilnius in the spring of 1794, while Commonwealth forces had less than 400 soldiers. On the night of April 11 / 12, upon order of Russian General Nikolay Arsenyev, several rebels were arrested. On April 21, Grand Lithuanian Hetman Szymon Kossakowski came to Vilnius, urging the Russians to capture yet more rebels, and attack rebel forces concentrated around the city. Under the circumstances, Jakub Jasià Âski decided to initiate the insurrection. It began on the night of April 22 / 23, and after a short fight, the city was under rebel control.
On April 24 the âÂÂAct of Rebellion of the Lithuanian Nationâ was announced. The rebels declared their unity with the Koà Âciuszko Uprising, which had begun in Lesser Poland. On the same day, April 24, the so-called High Temporary Council was created, headed by the Mayor of Vilnius, Antoni Tyzenhaus, and Voivode of Novogrudok, Józef Niesioà Âowski. It had 31 members and formed separate offices to manage the military forces, the administration and the treasury. Jakub Jasinski was named commandant of rebel forces in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. On April 25, Grand Lithuanian Hetman Szymon Marcin Kossakowski was hanged as a traitor of the Commonwealth.
On June 4 Tadeusz Koà Âciuszko dissolved the council, as he regarded it too radical, and replaced it with Central Office of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Also, Koà Âciuszko dismissed Colonel Jasià Âski, naming General Michaà  Wielhorski commandant of the rebel army in Lithuania.
Preparing for the Russians' return, even the nobility of Vilnius participated in the digging of the defensive lines near the city. On July 19, the Russians attacked Vilnius The city was defended by 500 soldiers and 1,500 armed members of the municipal militia. The Russian army, commanded by General Gotthard Johann von Knorring, had some 8,000 soldiers, with several cannons. After two days of heavy fighting, Vilnius remained in the hands of the rebels.
On August 11, General von Knorring, whose forces had grown to 12,000 soldiers, initiated another assault on Vilnius. The city, whose defence was commanded by General Antoni Chlewià Âski, capitulated after one day.
The Vilnius Uprising is commemorated on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Warsaw, with the inscription "WILNO 22 IV â 13 VIII 1794âÂÂ.
a. Sometimes sources refer to Lithuanians interchangeably with Poles due to the fact that Poland and Lithuania were both in the PolishâÂÂLithuanian Commonwealth. Cases of this are in Wojsko Polskie Koà Âciuszki w roku 1794 written by Bolesà Âaw Twardowski in 1894.