Variaà(; ; ) is a commune in TimiàCounty, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Gelu, Sânpetru Mic and Variaà(commune seat).
The name of the locality comes from varjú, which in Hungarian means "crow". The name Varjas is probably related to the heraldic element of a departed noble family.
After the repopulation of Variaàwith German settlers, the Germanization of the name in Krähendorf was unsuccessfully attempted. The name Varias appears on Count Mercy's map of 1723 and is repeated on the maps of 1753, 1777 and 1783, respectively (in the form of Wariosch).
Immediately after the union of Banat with Romania in 1918, the commune bore the official name DÃÂnciuleÃÂti, a name that was given up on the occasion of the administrative-territorial reform of 1925.
VariaÃÂ is located in the northwest of TimiÃÂ County, on the border with Arad County, about northwest of TimiÃÂoara. It borders Secusigiu (Arad County) to the north, Vinga (Arad County) to the northeast, Satchinez to the east and southeast, Biled to the southwest and Periam to the west and northwest. With a total area of , VariaÃÂ commune covers 1.19% of the territory of TimiÃÂ County.
The territory of Variaàcommune is part of the Banat Plain and is located on the first terrace of the MureàRiver. The relief appears as a wide plain with small depressions and slight undulations without downhills exceeding 2âÂÂ3ð. The altitude varies between .
The land belonging to VariaÃÂ commune is not crossed by running waters with permanent flow, but it has two narrow valleys that lead the water in the rainy years. One is in the east of VariaÃÂ, and the other in the west; both join in the south of the commune in a single canal that goes south and flows into the Ier Canal near Biled commune.
The village of Gelu is crossed by the Beghei stream, which divides it into two parts.
VariaÃÂ commune is located in a region where several climatic types intertwine: Mediterranean, temperate continental and oceanic. The average annual temperature ranges between in winter and in summer. Annual rainfall totals are between . Precipitation occurs in late spring, in May and June, as well as in late autumn and early winter, in October, November and December.
The natural resources in the subsoil of VariaÃÂ commune include crude oil, natural gas and geothermal waters. The soil offers favorable conditions for agricultural crops (corn, wheat, barley, two-rowed barley, oat, sugar beet, sunflower, soybeans, etc.) and forage cultivation.
Variaàis first mentioned in a papal tithe document from 1333âÂÂ1335 of the Catholic Diocese of Cenad, which states that Worias is a Hungarian village with a regulated Catholic parish. Variaàwas a royal estate (of the Hungarian crown) until 1381, when it became the property of Petrus and Nicolaus Maczedoniay. Ioannes Maczedoniay donated Variaàin 1454 to his sister Anna, a widow of Fargacs. In 1464 Variaàis attested in the property of Felix Fargacs. In 1466 Variaàwas bought for 500 guilders by the famous officer Ladislaus Dóczy, who stood out in the victory at Smederevo over the Ottoman Empire. Dóczy's residence was in Periam.
During the Ottoman rule between 1552âÂÂ1716, most of the Hungarian inhabitants left VariaÃÂ, leaving only a few Vlach inhabitants. Later, the first Serb inhabitants will settle in the area. After the conquest of Banat by the Habsburg Empire, Variaàwas populated by Serbian settlers who came as members of the Rural Militia and especially by German settlers. The latter settled starting with 1786 and came from other localities in Banat: Periam, Gottlob, Iecea Mare, etc. Until the completion of the land drainage works, the first generations of settlers faced poverty and epidemics, due to the swampy terrain and the unhealthy climate. In 1793 the existence of a Serbian school and a German school is attested. Variaàwas inhabited mainly by three nationalities. Each nationality had its "own" street. Here there was a "Vlach street" (of the Romanians) and a "Serbian street". The German one was called the "central street".
During the interwar period, VariaÃÂ was part of Plasa Periam, TimiÃÂ-Torontal County. In the immediate aftermath of World War II, many residents were dispossessed of their property by the Expropriation Act and deported to both USSR and BÃÂrÃÂgan (June 1951). The deportees carried out forced labor until January 1956. Moldavian families were installed in the houses left vacant in VariaÃÂ. The return of the deportees to VariaÃÂ led to conflicts with Moldavian families settled in the locality, conflicts that lasted until the 1960s, when the blocks of flats were built on the site of the former headquarters of German volunteer firefighters in VariaÃÂ, simultaneously with the decision of the first German families to emigrate to the Federal Republic of Germany.
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</div> VariaÃÂ had a population of 5,293 inhabitants at the 2021 census, down 6.84% from the 2011 census. Most inhabitants are Romanians (67.74%), larger minorities being represented by Serbs (6.44%), Hungarians (5.89%), Roma (4.4%) and Ukrainians (1.9%). For 12.69% of the population, ethnicity is unknown. By religion, most inhabitants are Orthodox (63.95%), but there are also minorities of Serbian Orthodox (8.44%), Roman Catholics (7.55%), Pentecostals (4.42%) and Baptists (1.09%). For 13.37% of the population, religious affiliation is unknown.
The commune of VariaÃÂ is administered by a mayor and a local council composed of 15 councilors. The mayor, Nicolae BirÃÂu, from the Social Democratic Party, has been in office since 2020. As from the 2024 local elections, the local council has the following composition by political parties:
The economy of the VariaÃÂ commune is primarily based on cereal cultivation, technical crops, and vegetable farming, complemented by animal breeding and productive activities in the processing of animal-derived agricultural products, alongside the development of individual farms, industry, trade, and services.