The Uruguayan Whale and Dolphin Sanctuary, established in 2013, aims to protect dolphins and whales from hunting, pursuit, aggression or intentional dibsturbance in waters within the Uruguayan government's jurisdiction. The sanctuary encompasses the entire Uruguayan Territorial Waters and Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), extending as far as from the coast and covering a total of .
Despite their modest extension, Uruguayan waters exhibit an important diversity of cetaceans. To date, 30 different species were recorded and cited, comprising almost 28% of the total number of mammals cited for Uruguay. Whereas most of them have widespread distributions, some of them, like Pontoporia blainvillei and Phocoena spinipinnis are especially relevant for conservation because of their restricted distribution to the coastal waters of South America.
According to Uruguayan law, the Whale and Dolphin Sanctuary involves that the following activities are prohibited in the Uruguayan territorial sea and exclusive economic zone, whether carried out by vessels flying a national or foreign flag:
In 2002, the Maldonado Bay, next to Punta del Este, was declared a "Whale Sanctuary" thanks to an initiative led by young students, the Maldonado government, the Ministry of Tourism, and Organization for Cetacean Conservation (OCC).
In 2008, OCC gathered over seven thousand signatures from Uruguayan, Latin American, and international supportersâÂÂincluding 20 organizationsâÂÂcalling for Uruguay to rejoin the International Whaling Commission (IWC) after 22 years of absence. That same year, Uruguay re-entered the IWC, giving new momentum to the sanctuary initiative.
In 2013, a group of students from School No. 27, representing the departments of Maldonado and Rocha, reignited the project. Alongside OCC, they presented a proposed law to the Environmental Commission of the House of Representatives. On September 8, 2013, the law was passed with unanimous support in ParliamentâÂÂall 62 votes.
The campaign was supported by prominent cultural figures, including Eduardo Galeano, Carlos Páez Vilaró, Agó Páez, Mariana Ingold, Julio VÃÂctor González, and Gustavo Cordera.
Eduardo Galeano, a prominent Uruguayan writer, wrote a poem called "Sanctuary of Life" as part of a campaign pushing for the creation of the sanctuary: