Urbanus is a genus of skipper butterflies erected by Jacob Hübner in 1807, placed to subtribe Eudamina. Species of the genus are found from the southern United States to South America.
Taxonomy
The genus has been subject to several revisions, one of which led to the type genus of subfamily Eudaminae, genus Eudamus, becoming a junior synonym of Urbanus. As a result of genome analysis of the Eudaminae, several species formerly considered part of Urbanus have been transferred to other genera, including to Cecropterus and Spicauda. Subsequently, Urbanus alva has been proposed as being distinct with the statement "Urbanus alva Evans, 1952 is a valid species and not a synonym of Urbanus belli (Hayward, 1935), new status." (See Zhang et al. 2019)
Species
Except where separately referenced, this species list follows the classification of Li et al. 2019, with distribution data sourced from Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms.
Subgenus Urbanoides
- Urbanus elmina <small>Evans, 1952</small> â Ecuador
- Urbanus esma <small>Evans, 1952</small> â Brazil
- Urbanus esmeraldus <small>(A. Butler, 1877)</small> â Mexico, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama, Honduras to Brazil, Colombia
- Urbanus esta <small>Evans, 1952</small> â Mexican coasts to Ecuador and Brazil
- Urbanus evona <small>Evans, 1952</small> â Mexico, Guatemala
- Urbanus prodicus <small>E. Bell, 1956</small> â Mexico
- Urbanus viridis <small>H. Freeman, 1970</small> â Mexico
Subgenus Urbanus
- Urbanus alva <small>Evans, 1952</small> â Mexico
- Urbanus belli <small>(Hayward, 1935)</small> â Mexico [?] to Bolivia, Argentina
- Urbanus bernikerni <small>Burns, 2014</small>
- Urbanus dubius <small>Steinhauser, 1981</small> â Colombia
- Urbanus ehakernae <small>Burns, 2014</small>
- Urbanus huancavillcas <small>(R. Williams, 1926)</small> â Ecuador
- Urbanus longicaudus <small>Austin, 1998</small> â Brazil
- Urbanus magnus <small>Steinhauser, 1981</small> â Ecuador
- Urbanus megalurus <small>(Mabille, 1877)</small>
- Urbanus oplerorum
- Urbanus parvus <small>Austin, 1998</small> â Brazil
- Urbanus pronta <small>Evans, 1952</small> â Mexico, Honduras, to Ecuador
- Urbanus pronus <small>Evans, 1952</small> â Central America, Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay; Mexico
- Urbanus proteus <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small> â southern US, Mexico, Central & South America
- Urbanus proteus proteus <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small> â Mexico
- Urbanus proteus domingo <small>(Scudder, 1872)</small> â Saba to Grenada, Haiti
- Urbanus rickardi
- Urbanus segnestami <small>Burns, 2014</small>
- Urbanus tucuti <small>(R. Williams, 1927)</small>
- Urbanus velinus <small>(Plötz, 1881)</small> â Brazil, Guyana
- Urbanus villus <small>Austin, 1998</small> â Brazil
- Urbanus viterboana <small>(Ehrmann, 1907)</small> â Mexico to Colombia, Ecuador.
Former species
Transferred to Cecropterus:
- Urbanus dorantes <small>(Stoll, 1790)</small>
- Urbanus obscurus <small>(Hewitson, 1867)</small>
- Urbanus evenus <small>(Ménétriés, 1855)</small>
- Urbanus virescens <small>(Mabille, 1877)</small>
- Urbanus trebia <small>(Möschler, 1879)</small>
- Urbanus carmelita <small>(Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)</small>
- Urbanus reductus <small>(N. Riley, 1919)</small>
- Urbanus doryssus <small>(Swainson, 1831)</small>
- Urbanus albimargo <small>(Mabille, 1875)</small>
Transferred to Spicauda:
- Urbanus teleus <small>(Hübner, 1821)</small>
- Urbanus tanna <small>Evans, 1952</small>
- Urbanus ambiguus <small>de Jong, 1983</small>
- Urbanus cindra <small>Evans, 1952</small>
- Urbanus zagorus <small>(Plötz, 1881)</small>
- Urbanus simplicius <small>(Stoll, 1790)</small>
- Urbanus procne <small>(Plötz, 1881)</small>
Transferred to Telegonus
- Urbanus chalco <small>(Hübner, 1823)</small>
References
External links