The 1864âÂÂ65 United States House of Representatives elections were held between June 5, 1864, and November 7, 1865, to elect the 192 members and nine non-voting delegates of the House of Representatives. The National Union Party expanded their existing majority against the backdrop of the American Civil War.
Candidates listed as Republicans and Unionists won 99 seats in congressional elections held in 1862 and 1863; three Union Democrats and the lone Unconditional Union Democrat from Kentucky subsequently crossed the floor to give the Republican-Union coalition a narrow majority during the 38th United States Congress. The wartime coalition of Republicans, War Democrats, and border state unionists became the base for the National Union Party that held its national convention at Baltimore on June 7, 1864. Leading Unionists were pessimistic about their party's prospects during the summer of 1864, but the fall of Atlanta led to a dramatic reversal of fortunes ahead of the fall elections. The Union Party won a "sweeping victory" at the polls, carrying all but three states in the concurrent presidential election.
Unionists significantly improved their showing compared to the last elections, contributing three-quarters of the members of the 39th United States Congress. A majority of the members elected from Indiana and all but two from Ohio were Unionists. In Kentucky, Missouri, and Tennessee, the elections were contested by Radical and Conservative Unionist factions, resulting in 15 Radical or Unconditional Unionists, 9 Conservatives, and 1 Independent Unionist elected to the 39th United States Congress.
Following the Confederate surrender, the former states of the Confederacy held congressional elections in 1865 and 1866, but only the members from Tennessee were seated by the House. The 10 remaining states were eventually readmitted between 1868 and 1870 during the 40th and 41st United States Congresses.
One new seat was added for the new State of Nevada and 8 vacancies were filled by the readmission of Tennessee, the first Confederate state to be readmitted. Three former Confederate States held elections in 1865 that were rejected by Congress.
|- ! | Owen Lovejoy | | Republican-<br/>Union | 1856 | | Incumbent died March 25, 1864.<br>New member elected May 19, 1864.<br>Union hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | Henry G. Stebbins | | 1862 | | Incumbent resigned October 24, 1864.<br/>New member elected November 8, 1864.<br>Democratic hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | Edwin H. Webster | | Union | 1859 | | Incumbent resigned July 1865.<br>New member elected November 7, 1865.<br>Union hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | Daniel W. Gooch | | Union | 1858 | | Incumbent resigned September 1, 1865.<br>New member elected November 7, 1865.<br>Union hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | Orlando Kellogg | | Union | 1862 | | Incumbent died August 24, 1865.<br>New member elected November 7, 1865.<br>Union hold. | nowrap |
Alabama held elections on November 6, 1865, following the end of the Civil War; the winners of the elections were subsequently not seated.
|- ! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Seat vacant since January 12, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated. | nowrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Seat vacant since January 12, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated. | no wrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Seat vacant since January 12, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated. | no wrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Seat vacant since January 12, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated. | no wrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Seat vacant since January 12, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated. | no wrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Seat vacant since January 12, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated. | no wrap |
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Arkansas held successive elections in 1864 and 1865 to fill vacancies in the 38th Congress and elect representatives to the 39th Congress.
Arkansas did not hold elections for the 38th Congress in 1862 or 1863. Late elections were held from March 14âÂÂ16, 1864, but the winners were not seated by the House.
|- ! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Seat vacant since May 6, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated. | nowrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Seat vacant since May 6, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated. | nowrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Seat vacant since May 6, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated. | nowrap |
Arkansas held elections for the 39th Congress on October 9, 1865, following the end of the Civil War, but the winners were not seated by the House.
|- ! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Seat vacant since May 6, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated. | nowrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Seat vacant since May 6, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated. | nowrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Seat vacant since May 6, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated. | nowrap |
California elected its members on November 8, 1864.
|- ! <br/> | Cornelius Cole<br/>. | | Republican-<br/>Union | 1863 | | Incumbent retired.<br>Union hold. | nowrap |
|- ! <br/> | William Higby<br/>. | | Republican-<br/>Union | 1863 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
|- ! <br/> | Thomas B. Shannon<br/>. | |Republican-<br/>Union | 1863 | | Incumbent lost renomination.<br/>Union hold. | nowrap |
See non-voting delegates, below.
Connecticut elected its members on April 3, 1865, after the start of the term but before Congress convened.
|- ! | Henry C. Deming | | Republican-<br/>Union | 1863 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
|- ! | James E. English | | 1861 | | Incumbent retired.<br/>Union gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Augustus Brandegee | | Republican-<br/>Union | 1863 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
|- ! | John H. Hubbard | | Republican-<br/>Union | 1863 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
See non-voting delegates, below.
Delaware elected its member on November 8, 1864.
|- ! rowspan=3 | | Nathaniel B. Smithers | | Republican-<br/>Union | 1863 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Democratic gain. | nowrap |
Florida held elections on November 29, 1865, following the end of the Civil War; the winners were subsequently not seated by the House.
|- ! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Seat vacant since January 10, 1861.<br>Winner not seated. | nowrap |
Georgia held elections on November 15, 1865, following the end of the Civil War; the winners were subsequently not seated by the House.
|- ! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Seat vacant since January 19, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated. | nowrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Seat vacant since January 19, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated. | nowrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Seat vacant since January 19, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated. | nowrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Seat vacant since January 19, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated. | nowrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Seat vacant since January 19, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated. | nowrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Seat vacant since January 19, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated. | nowrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Seat vacant since January 19, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated. | nowrap |
See non-voting delegates, below.
|- ! | James C. Allen | | 1862 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Union gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Isaac N. Arnold | | Republican-<br/>Union | 1860 | | Incumbent retired.<br/>Union hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | John F. Farnsworth | | Republican-<br/>Union | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
|- ! | Elihu B. Washburne | | Republican-<br/>Union | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
|- ! | Charles M. Harris | | 1862 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Union gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Ebon C. Ingersoll | | Republican-<br/>Union | 1864 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
|- ! | Jesse O. Norton | | Republican-<br/>Union | 1862 | | Incumbent retired.<br/>Union hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | John R. Eden | | 1862 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Union gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | John T. Stuart | | 1862 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Union gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Lewis W. Ross | | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
|- ! | Anthony L. Knapp | | 1861 | | Incumbent retired.<br/>Democratic hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | James C. Robinson | | 1858 | | Incumbent retired.<br/>Democratic hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | William R. Morrison | | 1862 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Union gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | William J. Allen | | 1862 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Union gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | John Law | | 1860 | | Incumbent retired.<br/>Democratic hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | James A. Cravens | | 1860 | | Incumbent retired.<br/>Democratic hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | Henry W. Harrington | | 1862 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Union gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | William S. Holman | | 1858 | | Incumbent retired.<br/>Union gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | George W. Julian | | Republican-<br/>Union | 1860 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
|- ! | Ebenezer Dumont | | Republican-<br/>Union | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
|- ! | Daniel W. Voorhees | | 1860 | Incumbent re-elected.<br>Winner subsequently unseated February 23, 1866, in favor of challenger. | nowrap |
|- ! | Godlove S. Orth | | Republican-<br/>Union | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
|- ! | Schuyler Colfax | | Republican-<br/>Union | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
|- ! | Joseph K. Edgerton | | 1852 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Union gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | James F. McDowell | | 1862 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Union gain. | nowrap |
Kentucky elected its members on August 7, 1865, after the term began but before Congress convened.
|- ! | Lucien Anderson | | Union<br/>Democratic | 1863 | | Incumbent retired.<br/>Conservative gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | George H. Yeaman | | Union<br/>Democratic | 1862 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Conservative gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Henry Grider | | Union<br/>Democratic | 1861 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Conservative.<br/>Conservative gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Aaron Harding | | Union<br/>Democratic | 1861 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Conservative.<br/>Conservative gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Robert Mallory | | Union<br/>Democratic | 1859 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Unconditional Union gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Green C. Smith | | Unconditional<br/>Union | 1863 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
|- ! | Brutus J. Clay | | Union<br/>Democratic | 1863 | | Incumbent retired.<br/>Conservative gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | William H. Randall | | Union<br/>Democratic | 1863 | | Incumbent re-elected as an Unconditional Unionist.<br/>Unconditional Union gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | William H. Wadsworth | | Union<br/>Democratic | 1861 | | Incumbent retired.<br/>Unconditional Union gain. | nowrap |
Louisiana held successive elections in 1864 and 1865 to fill vacancies in the 38th Congress and elect representatives to the 39th Congress.
Louisiana held no elections for the 38th Congress in 1862 or 1863 as a result of secession. Late elections were held on September 5, 1864, but the elected members were not seated by the House.
|- ! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Seat vacant since March 4, 1863.<br/>Winner not seated. | nowrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Seat vacant since March 4, 1863.<br/>Winner not seated. | nowrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Seat vacant since January 26, 1861.<br>Winner not seated. | nowrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Seat vacant since January 26, 1861.<br>Winner not seated. | nowrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Seat vacant since January 26, 1861.<br>Winner not seated. | nowrap |
Louisiana held elections for the 39th Congress on November 6, 1865, following the end of the Civil War, but the elected members were not seated by the House.
|- ! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Seat vacant since March 4, 1863.<br/>Winner not seated. | nowrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Seat vacant since March 4, 1863.<br/>Winner not seated. | nowrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Seat vacant since January 26, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated. | nowrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Seat vacant since January 26, 1861.<br>Winner not seated. | nowrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Seat vacant since January 26, 1861.<br>Winner not seated. | nowrap |
|- ! | Thomas D. Eliot | | National Union | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
|- ! | Oakes Ames | | National Union | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
|- ! | Alexander H. Rice | | National Union | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
|- ! | Samuel Hooper | | National Union | 1861 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
|- ! | John B. Alley | | National Union | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
|- ! | Daniel W. Gooch | | National Union | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
|- ! | George S. Boutwell | | National Union | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |- ! | John D. Baldwin | | National Union | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
|- ! | William B. Washburn | | National Union | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
|- ! | Henry Laurens Dawes | | National Union | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
Mississippi did not hold elections to the 39th Congress.
See non-voting delegates, below.
See non-voting delegates, below.
On October 31, 1864, the new state of Nevada elected Republican Henry G. Worthington to finish the term ending March 3, 1865.
|- ! | colspan=3 | New state | | New seat.<br/>Republican gain. | nowrap |
Worthington was not renominated for the next term, however, and on November 7, 1865, Republican Delos R. Ashley was elected November 7, 1865 for the term that had already begun but would not formally meet until December 4, 1865.
|- ! | Henry G. Worthington | | Republican | 1864 | | Incumbent lost renomination.<br/>Republican hold. | nowrap |
See non-voting delegates, below.
North Carolina did not hold elections to the 39th Congress.
Ohio's delegation swung from 14âÂÂ5 Democratic to 17-2 Republican as 10 Democratic incumbents lost renomination or re-election.
|- ! | George H. Pendleton | | Democratic | 1856 | | Incumbent retired to run for Vice President.<br/>Republican gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Alexander Long | | Democratic | 1862 | | Incumbent lost renomination.<br/>Republican gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Robert C. Schenck | | Republican | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
|- ! | John F. McKinney | | Democratic | 1862 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Republican gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Francis C. Le Blond | | Democratic | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
|- ! | Chilton A. White | | Democratic | 1860 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Republican gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Samuel S. Cox | | Democratic | 1862 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Republican gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | William Johnston | | Democratic | 1862 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Republican gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Warren P. Noble | | Democratic | 1860 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Republican gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | James M. Ashley | | Republican | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
|- ! | Wells A. Hutchins | | Democratic | 1862 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Republican gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | William E. Finck | | Democratic | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
|- ! | John O'Neill | | Democratic | 1862 | | Incumbent retired.<br/>Republican gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | George Bliss | | Democratic | 1862 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Republican gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | James R. Morris | | Democratic | 1862 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Republican gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Joseph W. White | | Democratic | 1882 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Republican gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Ephraim R. Eckley | | Republican | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
|- ! | Rufus P. Spalding | | Republican | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
|- ! | James A. Garfield | | Republican | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
South Carolina did not hold elections to the 39th Congress.
Elections held late, on August 3, 1865.
|- ! | colspan=3 | None (vacant due to Civil War) | |New member elected.<br/>Union gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | None (vacant due to Civil War) | |New member elected.<br/>Union gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | None (vacant due to Civil War) | |New member elected.<br/>Union gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | None (vacant due to Civil War) | |New member elected.<br/>Union gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | None (vacant due to Civil War) | |New member elected.<br/>Union gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | None (vacant due to Civil War) | |New member elected.<br/>Union gain. |
|- ! | colspan=3 | None (vacant due to Civil War) | |New member elected.<br/>Union gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | None (vacant due to Civil War) | |New member elected.<br/>Union gain. | nowrap |
Texas did not hold elections to the 39th Congress.
See non-voting delegates, below.
|- ! | Frederick E. Woodbridge | | Republican | 1863 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
|- ! | Justin S. Morrill | | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
|- ! | Portus Baxter | | Republican | 1860 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
Virginia did not hold elections to the 39th Congress.
See non-voting delegates, below.
|- ! | Jacob B. Blair | | Unconditional<br/>Union | 1863 | | Incumbent retired.<br>Unconditional Union hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | William G. Brown Sr. | | Unconditional<br/>Union | 1863 | | Incumbent retired.<br>Unconditional Union hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | Kellian Whaley | | Unconditional<br/>Union | 1863 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
Wisconsin elected six members of congress on Election Day, November 8, 1864.
|- ! | James S. Brown | | Democratic | 1862 | | Incumbent withdrew from election.<br/>National Union gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Ithamar Sloan | | Republican | 1862 | | Incumbent re-elected on National Union ticket.<br/>Republican hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | Amasa Cobb | | Republican | 1862 | | Incumbent re-elected on National Union ticket.<br/>Republican hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | Charles A. Eldredge | | Democratic | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
|- ! | Ezra Wheeler | | Democratic | 1862 | | Incumbent retired.<br/>National Union gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Walter D. McIndoe | | Republican | 1862 | | Incumbent re-elected on National Union ticket.<br/>Republican hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | None (new seat) | | New seat.<br/>Union gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | None (new seat) | | New seat.<br/>Democratic gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Charles D. Poston | | Republican-<br/>Union | 1864 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Union hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | Hiram P. Bennet | | Republican-<br/>Union | 1861 | | Incumbent retired.<br/>Anti-Statehood gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | John B. S. Todd | | People's Union | 1861 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Republican gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | William H. Wallace | | Republican-<br/>Union | 1863 | | Incumbent retired.<br/>Democratic gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Samuel McLean | | 1864 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
|- ! | Samuel G. Daily | | Republican-<br/>Union | 1860 | | Incumbent retired.<br/>Union hold. | nowrap |
|- !
|- !
|- !