Tu Cheng-sheng (; born 10 June 1944) is a Taiwanese politician and historian. Tu served as the minister of education of the Republic of China during Chen Shui-bian's second term as president.
Tu Cheng-sheng graduated from the Provincial Tainan Normal University (present-day National University of Tainan) in 1966. He also attended the National Taiwan University in 1970 and majored in history. He earned his bachelor's degree in 1970 and his master's degree in 1974. He is a specialist in the history of ancient Chinese society, culture and medicine.
In articles of 1986, 1987 and 1992 Tu explored semblance between the city-states of the ancients Western civilization and the state formations of early China.
He served as Director of National Palace Museum from May 2000 to May 2004. He also served as a director of a research center on history and languages of the Academia Sinica and a professor at the National Tsing Hua University.
Tu gained notoriety for his colorful and abrasive behavior. After being filmed asleep at a 2007 meeting of the Legislative Yuan, he was photographed picking his nose in response to public criticism. Also that year, he grabbed a reporter's microphone and shoved a cameraman into a wall.