Troctomorpha is one of the three major suborders of Psocodea (formerly Psocoptera)(barklice, booklice, and parasitic lice), alongside Psocomorpha and Trogiomorpha. There are more than 30 families and 5,800 described species in Troctomorpha. The order includes parasitic lice, which are most closely related to the booklice family Liposcelididae.
Cladogram
Cladogram showing the position of Troctomorpha within Psocodea:
Fossil record
The oldest record of the suborder is suggested to be Paramesopsocus adibi, known from the Late Jurassic Karabastau Formation of Kazakhstan.
Classification
Troctomorpha contains the following subgroups:
- Infraorder: Amphientometae
- Family: Amphientomidae <small>Enderlein, 1903</small> (tropical barklice)
- Family: Compsocidae <small>Mockford, 1967</small>
- Family: Electrentomidae <small>Enderlein, 1911</small>
- Family: Manicapsocidae <small>Mockford, 1967</small>
- Family: Musapsocidae <small>Mockford, 1967</small>
- Family: Protroctopsocidae <small>Smithers, 1972</small>
- Family: Troctopsocidae <small>Mockford, 1967</small>
- Infraorder: Nanopsocetae
- Family: Liposcelididae <small>Broadhead, 1950</small> (booklice)
- Family: Pachytroctidae <small>Enderlein, 1904</small> (thick barklice)
- Family: Sphaeropsocidae <small>Menon, 1941</small>
- Parvorder: Phthiraptera
- Superfamily: Amblycera
- Family: Ancistronidae
- Family: Boopiidae <small>Mjoberg, 1910</small>
- Family: Colpocephalidae <small>Eichler, 1937</small>
- Family: Gliricolidae
- Family: Gyropidae <small>Kellogg, 1896</small>
- Family: Laemobothriidae <small>Mjoberg, 1910</small>
- Family: Menoponidae <small>Mjoberg, 1910</small> (chicken body lice)
- Family: Pseudomenoponidae <small>Mjoberg, 1910</small>
- Family: Ricinidae <small>Neumann, 1890</small>
- Family: Somaphantidae <small>Eichler, 1941</small>
- Family: Trimenoponidae
- Family: Trinotonidae <small>Eichler, 1941</small>
- Superfamily: Anoplura
- Family: Echinophthiriidae <small>Enderlein, 1904</small> (seal lice)
- Family: Enderleinellidae <small>Ewing, 1929</small>
- Family: Haematopinidae <small>Enderlein, 1904</small> (ungulate lice)
- Family: Hamophthiriidae <small>Johnson, 1969</small>
- Family: Hoplopleuridae <small>Ewing, 1929</small> (armoured lice)
- Family: Hybothiridae <small>Ewing, 1929</small>
- Family: Linognathidae <small>Webb, 1946</small> (pale lice)
- Family: Microthoraciidae <small>Kim & Lugwig, 1978</small>
- Family: Neolinognathidae <small>Fahrenholz, 1936</small>
- Family: Pecaroecidae <small>Kéler, 1963</small>
- Family: Pedicinidae <small>Enderlein, 1904</small>
- Family: Pediculidae <small>Leach, 1817</small> (body lice, head lice)
- Family: Polyplacidae <small>Fahrenholz, 1912</small> (spiny rat lice)
- Family: Pthiridae <small>Ewing, 1929</small> (crab lice or pubic lice)
- Family: Ratemiidae <small>Kim & Lugwig, 1978</small>
- Superfamily: Ischnocera (paraphyletic)
- Family: Bovicolidae
- Family: Dasyonygidae
- Family: Goniodidae
- Family: Heptapsogasteridae
- Family: Lipeuridae
- Family: Philopteridae <small>Nitzsch, 1818</small> (paraphyletic)
- Family: Trichodectidae
- Family: Trichophilopteridae
- Superfamily: Rhynchophthirina
- Family: Haematomyzidae <small>Enderlein, 1904</small>
References
Further reading