This is a timeline of the development of independent radio in the UK.
1960s
- 1969
- 30 April â University Radio York (URY) starts broadcasting and becomes the first licensed independent radio station in the UK.
1970s
- 1970
- Until the 1970 United Kingdom general election, despite the popularity of Radio Luxembourg and, for a period in the mid-1960s, the off-shore "pirate" broadcasters, it had remained the policy of both major political parties that radio was to remain under the BBC. Upon the election of Edward Heath's government this policy changed. The new Minister of Post and Telecommunications and former ITN newscaster, Christopher Chataway, announces a bill to allow for the introduction of commercial radio in the United Kingdom. This service would be planned and regulated and would compete with BBC Local Radio services.
- 1 September â United Biscuits launches its own radio station United Biscuits Network which is broadcast round the clock to the company's four factories.
1980s
- 1983
- 4 April â County Sound begins broadcasting to the Guildford area.
- 13 June â Gwent Broadcasting becomes the first station in the UK to occupy the newly released 102.2 to 104.5Mhz part of the VHF/FM waveband.
- 29 August â Southern Sound begins broadcasting to the Brighton area.
- 5 September â Signal Radio begins broadcasting to the Stoke-on-Trent area at 6am and Marcher Sound begins broadcasting to the Wrexham area at 6.30am.
- 6 October â Centre Radio stops broadcasting after running into financial difficulties. A take-over bid was rejected by the IBA and the station went off air at 5.30pm.
- Plans for a station in the Derry region of Northern Ireland collapse.
- 1985
- 24 April â Financial difficulties force South Wales station Gwent Broadcasting to close down after less than two years on air. Its frequencies were later given over to a sustaining service provided by neighbouring station CBC in Cardiff, with which it was trying to merge.
- 1 May â Invicta Sound is rebranded as Invicta Radio.
- 9 September â Radio West closes down after Wiltshire Radio buys struggling Radio West and on 1 October a merged station, GWR, launches to Bristol and Swindon / West Wiltshire with shared (networked) and split local programming.
- 1 October â Radio Hallam's broadcast area is expanded when the Sheffield-based station starts broadcasting across all of South Yorkshire.
- 14 October â CBC is relaunched as Red Dragon Radio. The station also covers the Newport area, offering a replacement service to Gwent Broadcasting and provides separate breakfast shows for Cardiff and Newport until the early 1990s.
- October â Plymouth Sound launches an opt-out service for Tavistock. The service operates on weekday breakfast and drive time and weekend mid-mornings.
- Unknown â Due to general difficulties within the commercial radio industry, Hereward Radio withdraws from Northamptonshire and the Independent Broadcasting Authority assigns the Independent Local Radio franchise to a new company, Northants Radio Ltd, owned by Chiltern Radio Group.
- 1986
- The Home Office sanctions six experiments of split programming on Independent Local Radio. Up to ten hours a week of split programming was allowed. These include Welsh language programmes on Marcher Sound, Asian programming on Leicester Sound and rugby league commentary on Viking Radio.
- A European-wide re-organisation of band 2 of the VHF band comes into effect in July 1987. In preparation for this, 1986 sees many local stations change their VHF/FM frequency.
- 28 June â Portsmouth station Radio Victory goes off air. It was the first commercial radio station to lose its licence.
- 12 October â Ocean Sound begins broadcasting. Replacing Radio Victory in East Hampshire, it introducing commercial radio to Southampton, Winchester and the Isle of Wight. The station transmits with split frequencies; Ocean Sound West on 103.2FM and 1557AM and Ocean Sound East on 97.5FM (former 95FM transmitter for Radio Victory) and 1170AM, the former AM transmitter of the former ILR station.
- 30 November â Following its purchase of Northants 96, Chiltern Radio launches a networked service called "The Hot FM". The service is broadcast on three ILR licenses including the newly launched Northants 96. Only the mid-morning show is broadcast locally.
- 1987
- 1 January â A new transmitter for Radio 210 is switched on, allowing the Reading-based station to broadcast across Berkshire and north Hampshire.
- 3 March â Radio Trent's broadcast area expands when it starts broadcasting to the Derby area.
- 18 May â The Yorkshire Radio Network launches. It is a networked service of evening and overnight programming, broadcast on three commercial radio stations in Yorkshire â Pennine Radio in Bradford, Viking Radio in Hull and Radio Hallam in Sheffield â providing programming every night between 8pm, starting slightly earlier at weekends, and 6am.
- 22 May â GWR's broadcast area expands when it launches in Bath.
- 14 July â Beacon Radio's broadcast area expands when it launches in Shropshire.
- 6 December â Ocean Sound launches a third station Ocean Sound North. It covers Winchester and the north of its region. It shares much of its programming with Ocean Sound West, except for a local breakfast show.
- 1989
- 15 January â Wolverhampton station Beacon Radio is replaced on FM by Beacon FM and on MW by WABC.
- 12 February â CNFM begins broadcasting to Cambridge and Newmarket.
- 27 March â Kent station Invicta Radio is replaced on FM by Invicta FM and on MW by Coast AM.
- 31 March âÂÂ
- MFM 97.1 begins broadcasting to the Wirral area.
- Marcher Gold begins broadcasting on MW to Wrexham and Chester and the area's FM station is renamed MFM.
- 4 April â Xtra AM begins broadcasting on the MW frequencies of BRMB and Mercia Sound.
- 8 April â Great North Radio begins broadcasting on MW to north east England.
- 1 May â Classic Gold begins broadcasting on MW across west, south and east Yorkshire, replacing individual stations Pennine AM, Hallam AM and Viking Gold.
- 4 July â A new transmitter for DevonAir is switched on allowing the station to expand its transmission area to East Devon, West Dorset and South Somerset. The relay broadcasts under the name of South West 103.
- 16 July â The Breeze begins broadcasting on MW across Essex and Surrey.
- 15 September â Fox FM starts broadcasting to Oxford and Banbury. It becomes the first UK commercial station to be licensed to broadcast on a single waveband.
- 2 October â LBC ends and is replaced on FM by news and comment station LBC Crown FM
- 15 October â Horizon Radio starts broadcasting to Milton Keynes.
- 22 October â The first of the Independent Broadcasting Authority's series of incremental radio stations launches when Sunset 102 begins broadcasting to Manchester. More than 20 licenses were issued, which allowed new stations to start broadcasting in areas already served by independent local radio. The stations came on air in 1989 and 1990.
- 5 November â Sunrise Radio begins broadcasting to west London's Asian community on MW.
- 13 November â London Greek Radio and WNK begin broadcasting. They are the first stations to share a frequency and they alternate every four hours.
- 26 November â Orchard FM begins broadcasting to Yeovil, Taunton and the surrounding area.
- 9 December â Asian radio station Sunrise Radio Yorkshire begins broadcasting in Bradford.
- Unknown â Liverpool station City Talk 1548 AM becomes the UK's first all-talk radio station outside of London.This was unusual as most stations launched 'golden oldie' stations on their AM frequencies.
- Unknown â Southern Sound's broadcast area is expanded when it begins broadcasting to East Sussex.
1990s
- 1993
- 18 January â Signal Gold launches as a full-time station on Signal Radio's MW frequency although a limited split service had been operating for the past year in the form of a separate MW-only Golden Breakfast Show.
- 1 March â The Bay begins broadcasting to southern Cumbria and north Lancashire.
- 14 April â CFM begins broadcasting to Carlisle.
- 30 April â Virgin 1215, Britain's second national commercial radio station broadcasting on Radio 3's old mediumwave frequency, is launched by owner Richard Branson at 12.15pm.
- 1 May â Ten 17 begins broadcasting to Harlow in Essex.
- 21 May â Star FM begins broadcasting to the Berkshire towns of Slough, Maidenhead and Windsor.
- May â Country Music Radio begins broadcasting a country music service on satellite and cable.
- 1 July â Radio Maldwyn begins broadcasting on AM to the Montgomeryshire area of Wales.
- 25 July â The last Network Chart Show goes out on Independent Local Radio.
- July â Midland Radio Plc, which owns several stations, including BRMB, is acquired by GWR Group.
- 1 August â 'Doctor' Neil Fox introduces the first Pepsi Chart, a Sunday afternoon Top 40 Countdown show for commercial radio, and based on single sales and airplay.
- 27 August â Marcher Coast begins broadcasting. The station covers the north Wales coastal area from Llandudno eastwards.
- 3 September â The Radio Authority announces that it will not be renewing LBC's licence. The new licensee is to be London News Radio, a consortium led by former LBC staff and backed by Guinness Mahon.
- 4 September â Wessex FM begins broadcasting across central and western Dorset.
- 7 October â Yorkshire Coast Radio begins broadcasting to the North Yorkshire coastal towns of Scarborough and Whitby.
- 17 October â SGR Colchester begins broadcasting to the Colchester area.
- 21 October â Q102.9 begins broadcasting to the Derry area of Northern Ireland.
- October â Manchester station Sunset 102 goes into liquidation.
- 30 October â Radio Rovers launches, and therefore becomes the first dedicated football club radio station in the United Kingdom. The station provides matchday coverage for all of Blackburn Rovers FC's home games.
- Unknown â London station WNK closes. WNK's closure allows London Greek Radio, with whom it had shared a frequency, to begin full-time broadcasts.
- Unknown â Sunrise Radio starts to broadcast across London when it begins transmission on the MW frequency previously occupied by BBC GLR.
- 1996
- 5 February â Radio Wyvern becomes the last commercial station in England to end simulcasting on FM and AM.
- 1 April â Network News closes.
- 4 April â Guildford station 96.4 The Eagle replaces Mercury 96.4.
- 21 April â Spirit FM begins broadcasting to the Sussex coastal towns of Chichester, Bognor Regis and Littlehampton.
- 24 May â FM102 The Bear begins broadcasting to Stratford-upon-Avon.
- 3 June â Asian Sound Radio begins broadcasting on MW across East Lancashire.
- 1 July â The LBC name returns to London's airwaves following a rebrand of London News Radio's MW station News Talk 1152.
- July â The Radio Authority receives 25 bids for the final FM citywide London licence. XFM is chosen as the winner.
- 15 July â Oban FM begins broadcasting to the Oban area of west Scotland.
- 2 September â Supergold closes after eight years on air, replaced by Classic Gold at 7am. Classic Gold was based at Chiltern Radio studios in Dunstable from this point.
- 9 September â Following a change in ownership, Manchester station Fortune 1458 is renamed Lite AM.
- September â The Radio Authority awards a full-time commercial licence to a student radio station for the first time when it awards the Oxford licence to Oxygen FM.
- 29 September â 103.4 The Beach begins broadcasting to the coastal towns of Lowestoft and Great Yarmouth.
- 23 November â Valleys Radio begins broadcasting on MW to the South Wales valleys.
- Unknown â Hallam FM switches off its transmitter covering Rotherham as part of its licence agreement.
- Unknown â Following its purchase of Bedford station Chiltern 96.9, new owners GWR Group rebrand the station as B97 FM.
- Unknown â Delta FM returns after UKRD won the Guildford licence from Allied Radio the previous year.
- 1997
- January â Leicester Sound moves frequency (from 103.2 to 105.4) and increases transmitter power to allow the station to cover the county of Leicestershire.
- 6 January â West FM begins broadcasting on FM to Ayr and the surrounding areas. West Sound Radio continues on MW.
- February â Emap launches a network of Magic stations on its MW frequencies across the north of England. The Yorkshire stations launch on 12 February, replacing and Great Yorkshire Gold and a week later Magic 1152 and Magic 1170 replace Great North Radio.
- 14 February â At 1.05pm, Kiss 105 begins broadcasting a dance music service across East, West and South Yorkshire.
- 17 March âÂÂ
- The roll-out of the Magic brand concludes when the north west Magic stations â Magic 1152 and Magic Magic 1548 launch.
- After broadcasting a one-month temporary service called 1278 and 1530 AM West Yorkshire, Classic Gold launches in Bradford and Halifax/Huddersfield. The station is a simulcast of the Classic Gold network heard on MW in central and southern England with a local breakfast show supplemented by local news and information throughout the day.
- 1 April â Wish FM begins broadcasting to Wigan.
- 4 May â Yorkshire Dales Radio begins broadcasting on MW across the Yorkshire Dales.
- 23 May â Lochbroom FM begins broadcasting to the Scottish town of Ullapool.
- 31 August â Regular programming across UK radio is interrupted to provide ongoing news coverage of the death of Diana, Princess of Wales.
- 1 September âÂÂ
- XFM London begins broadcasting an indie music service across London. It becomes the final London-wide station on FM.
- KMFM Medway begins broadcasting to the Medway Towns area of Kent.
- 6 September â Many UK radio stations broadcast live coverage of the Funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales.
- 21 September â KMFM Canterbury begins broadcasting.
- 23 September â Century 106 begins broadcasting a regional service across the East Midlands.
- 29 September âÂÂ
- Following the purchase of Faze FM, owner of Kiss 102 and Kiss 105, by Chrysalis Radio, the dance music stations are renamed Galaxy 102 and Galaxy 105.
- KMFM Shepway and White Cliffs Country begins broadcasting to Dover and Folkestone.
- 7 October â 107.7 The Wolf begins broadcasting to Wolverhampton.
- 12 October â Dune FM begins broadcasting to Southport.
- 20 October â European Klassik Rock begins broadcasting a classic rock service via satellite. The station also operates 28-day RSLs in various cities and counties.
- 17 November â Sovereign FM begins broadcasting to Eastbourne and Hailsham.
- 22 November â Vibe 105âÂÂ108 begins broadcasting a dance music service across East Anglia.
- 28 November â Star FM 107.2 begins broadcasting to Bristol.
- 6 December â Waves Radio begins broadcasting to the Peterhead area of Aberdeenshire.
- 9 December â Chris Evans's media production company, Ginger Media Group buys Virgin Radio from Richard Branson for ã85m. Branson had planned to sell the station to Capital Radio, but Evans, who had not wanted to work for the station, launched a rival bid.
- 1999
- January âÂÂ
- Choice FM is taken over by the Chrysalis Group, which later renames Choice FM Birmingham Galaxy 102.2.
- London's dance/urban station Kiss 100 is rebranded by EMAP Radio with a new logo and mainstream pop music is introduced to the playlist, this leads to criticism from some DJ's and listeners.
- 1 February â Mansfield 103.2 begins broadcasting.
- 8 February â FLR 107.3 begins broadcasting to the Lewisham area of south London.
- 20 March â Tower FM begins broadcasting to Bolton and Bury.
- 3 May â Telford FM begins broadcasting.
- 22 May â Northern Ireland stations Goldbeat and Heartbeat 1521 close down.
- 18 June â Launch of Sky News Radio, a service providing bespoke bulletins for Talk Radio UK.
- 26 June â Fire 107.6 begins broadcasting to Bournemouth and Poole.
- 24 July â 106.8 Lite FM begins broadcasting to Peterborough.
- 30 August âÂÂ
- Wave 102 begins broadcasting to Dundee.
- The Revolution begins broadcasting go the Oldham, Rochdale and surrounding areas of eastern Greater Manchester.
- 5 September â SouthCity FM
- 19 September â 107.4 The Quay begins broadcasting to Portsmouth.
- 3 October âÂÂ
- Fen Radio 107.5 begins broadcasting to the Fenlands area.
- Ridings FM begins broadcasting to the Wakefield and the five towns area of West Yorkshire.
- Win 107.2 begins broadcasting to Winchester.
- 23 October â Star 107.7 begins broadcasting to Weston-super-Mare.
- 7 November â Yorkshire Coast Radio Bridlington begins broadcasting to Bridlington and Filey. It operates as an opt-out service from the nearby Scarborough station.
- 15 November âÂÂ
- Britain's first national commercial DAB digital radio multiplex, Digital One, goes on air to England, and parts of Scotland and Wales. The stations carried at launch include the three national commercial AM/FM services â Classic FM, Virgin Radio (now Absolute) and Talk Radio UK (now Talksport) â along with two new digital-first stations â fresh pop service Core and adult classic rock station Planet Rock, both then under the ownership of Classic FM's then parent (and Digital One shareholder) GWR Group. Digital One would extend its station lineup and transmission area over subsequent years, and became available to Northern Ireland from 2013 (following the completion of digital television switchover in the UK and Republic of Ireland the prior autumn).
- Bath FM begins broadcasting.
- 19 November âÂÂ
- Beat 106 begins broadcasting across the Scottish central belt.
- 107 The Edge begins broadcasting across Lanarkshire.
- 1 December â South Hams Radio begins broadcasting to the South Hams area of Devon.
- Unknown âÂÂ
- Bedford station B979 is rebranded back to its original name of Chiltern FM.
2000s