Timeline of Essen

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Essen, Germany.

Prior to 19th century

• 845 – Essen Abbey founded (approximate date).
• 971 – Mathilde, granddaughter of Otto I becomes abbess of Essen Abbey.
• 1012 – Sophia, daughter of Otto II becomes abbottess of the Essen Stift.
• 1041 – Essen receives rights to a market.
• 1244 – The association of the ministeriales of the Essen Abbey and the citizens of the town of Essen arrange for the to be erected.
• 1316 – Essen Minster (church) dedicated.
• 1390 – Essener Schützenverein (militia) formed.
• 1598 – Borbeck Castle rebuilt.
• 1736 – Neueste Essendische Nachrichten von Staats- und Gelehrten Sachen (Newest Essen News of State and Learned Matters) newspaper begins publication.
• 1797 – bookseller in business.

19th century

• 1802 – Area occupied by Prussian troops.
• 1803
• Essen Abbey secularized.
• Franz Dinnendahl builds steam engine.
• 1810 – Krupp foundry in business.
• 1814 – Town becomes part of Prussia.
• 1822 – Town becomes part of the Rhine Province.
• 1841 – Simon Hirschland Bank in business.
• 1847 – Essen-Bergeborbeck station opens.
• 1849 – Population: 8,813.
• 1851 – Zollverein Coal Mine begins operating.
• 1862 – Essen Hauptbahnhof and Essen-Borbeck station open.
• 1866 – Fredebeul & Koenen booksellers in business.
• 1870 – Synagogue consecrated.
• 1871 – Town becomes part of the German Empire.
• 1872 – Neu-Westend developed.
• 1873 – Villa Hügel (Krupp residence) built.
• 1875 – Population: 54,790.
• 1880 – Historical Society for the City and Convent of Essen founded.
• 1881
• Essener Turnerbund athletic club formed.
• Beiträge zur Geschichte von Stadt und Stift Essen (journal of city history) begins publication.
• 1886 – Photographische Genossenschaft von Essen (photography group) founded.

• 1892 – City Theatre opens.
• 1893
• Electric tram begins operating.
• Rhenish-Westphalian Coal Syndicate headquartered in Essen.
• 1898 – Krupp's Essener Hof (hotel) built.
• 1899 – Essen Philharmonic Orchestra founded.

20th century

1900s–1940s

• 1901
• Folkwang Museum founded.
• Heinrich Koppers AG in business.
• 1905 – Population: 229,270.
• 1906
• Essen Art Museum founded.
• Gartenstadt Margarethenhöhe developed.
• 1908 – Moltkeviertel development begins.
• 1913
• New Synagogue built.
• Albrecht's shop in business (later Aldi chain supermarket).
• 1920 – Consulate of Poland opens.
• 1922 – Uhlenkrugstadion (stadium) built.

• 1923
• Rot-Weiss Essen football club active.
• French troops enter the city.
• 1924 – Filmstudio Glückauf (cinema) opens.
• 1925 – Essen/Mülheim Airport opens.
• 1927 – Grugapark Botanical Garden and Folkwang School for the arts open.
• 1928 – Lichtburg Playhouse (cinema) opens.
• 1929 – Werden becomes part of city.
• 1932 – Zollverein Mine Shaft 12 built.
• 1933 – Theodor Reismann-Grone becomes mayor.
• 1936 – Consulate of Poland relocated to Düsseldorf.
• 1937 – Just Dillgardt becomes mayor.
• 1939 – Stadion an der Hafenstraße (stadium) built.
• 1942 – March: Bombing of Essen by Allied forces begins.
• 1944
• 2 January: Schwarze Poth forced labour camp established by the SS. Its prisoners were mostly Russians and Poles.
• 17 May: Schwarze Poth forced labour camp converted into a subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp.
• August: Humboldtstraße subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp established. Its prisoners were mostly Jewish women.
• 1945
• March: Schwarze Poth and Humboldtstraße subcamps of Buchenwald dissolved. Prisoners deported to the main Buchenwald camp.
• March: Bombing of Essen by Allied forces ends.
• 1946 – City becomes part of North Rhine-Westphalia.
• 1948
• Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung (newspaper) begins publication.
• Labour strike.
• 1949
• Essen I, Essen II, and Essen III parliamentary districts created.
• Hans Toussaint becomes mayor.

1950s–1990s

• 1951 – Amerikahaus built.
• 1957 – Roman Catholic Diocese of Essen founded.
• 1958 – Grugahalle sports arena opens.
• 1961 – Sammlung Industrieform (museum) opens.
• 1962 – City hosts the 1962 European Judo Championships.
• 1965
• City hosts Bundesgartenschau (national horticulture biennial).
• Little Theatre founded.
• 1968 – Essen Motor Show begins.

• 1975 – Kettwig becomes part of city.
• 1979 – Essen City Hall built.
• 1983 – Spiel, world's biggest non-electronic game trade fair begins.
• 1988 – Aalto Theatre opens.
• 1989 – Annette Jäger becomes mayor.
• 1991 – Offener Kanal Essen television begins broadcasting.
• 1993 – City hosts the 1993 World Fencing Championships.
• 1994 – Stratmanns Theater Europahaus opens.
• 1996 – GOP Varieté Essen theatre opens.
• 1997 – Red Dot Design Museum active.
• 1999
• ThyssenKrupp conglomerate headquartered in city.
• Wolfgang Reiniger becomes mayor.
• 2000 – SGS Essen football club formed.

21st century

• 2001 – Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex becomes a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• 2002 – Abu Ali group, a jihadist cell with plans to bomb Jewish sites in Germany was arrested by the authorities
• 2003 – University of Duisburg-Essen established.
• 2009 – Reinhard Paß elected mayor.
• 2010 – City designated that year's European Capital of Culture on behalf of the entire Ruhr area.
• 2012
• Stadion Essen (stadium) opens.
• Population: 566,862.
• 2014 – June: Storm.
• 2015 – Thomas Kufen, CDU, becomes mayor.
• 2017 - City designated that year's European Green Capital.

See also

• History of Essen
• History of the Ruhr, includes timeline
• Urbanization in the German Empire
• of other cities in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia:⁽⁾ Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Dortmund, Duisburg, Düsseldorf, Münster

References

Bibliography

in English

• (fulltext)

in German

External links

• Europeana. Items about Essen, various dates.