The following is a of the history of the city of Chicago, Illinois, United States.
Before the 19th century
- 1200: The Council of Three Fires, consisting of the Ojibwe, Odawa and Potawatomi people, occupied what would become Chicago since at least the 13th century.
- 1673: French-Canadian explorers Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet, on their way to Québec, pass through the area that will become Chicago.
- 1677: Father Claude Allouez arrived to try to convert the natives to Christianity.
- 1682: French explorer René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle, passes through Chicago en route to the mouth of the Mississippi River.
- 1687: The first known written reference to what is now known as Chicago came from Robert LaSalle's memoir, referencing the site as "Checagou", derived from a French rendering of the Miami-Illinois word "shikaakwa", referring to the wild leek, garlic and onion that grew abundantly in the area.
- 1696: Jesuit missionary Francois Pinet founds the Mission of the Guardian Angel. It is abandoned four years later.
- 1705: Conflicts develop between French traders and the Meskwaki.
- 1719: The Comanche Indian Tribe settle in the Great Plains and in the Midwest of the United States.
- 1754: The Illinois Country becomes part of New France, days later The French and Indian War begins with the war against the British.
- 1763: The Illinois Country falls to British Troops after the defeat of New France.
- 1775: The Revolutionary War begins with America declaring independence from Britain.
- 1778: The Illinois Campaign is born under the command of George Rogers Clark to lead the fight against major British outposts scattered across the country.
- 1780s: Jean Baptiste Point du Sable establishes Chicago's first permanent settlement near the mouth of the Chicago River.
- 1795: Six square miles (16 km<sup>2</sup>) of land at the mouth of the Chicago River are reserved by the Treaty of Greenville for use by the United States.
- 1796: Kitihawa, du Sable's Potawatomi wife, delivers Eulalia Point du Sable, Chicago's first recorded birth.
19th century
1800sâÂÂ1840s
- 1821: 1821 Treaty of Chicago
- 1830
- August 4, Chicago is surveyed and platted for the first time by James Thompson.
- Population: "Less than 100".
- 1833
- 1833 Treaty of Chicago
- Chicago incorporated as a town.
- The Noble-Seymour-Crippen House in Norwood Park, Chicago was built (annexed to Chicago in 1893).
- April, Saint Mary of the Assumption Catholic Church was founded, later Old St. Mary's.
- June 26, First Presbyterian Church (Chicago) founded.
- 1835
- August 31, about 800 Potawatomi men gathered for a war dance in Chicago before being removed to west of the Mississippi River.
- 1836
- The Henry B. Clarke House was built.
- 1837
- Chicago incorporated as a city.
- Chicago receives its first charter.
- Rush Medical College is founded two days before the city was chartered. It is the first medical school in the state of Illinois which is still operating.
- The remaining 450 Potawatomi left Chicago.
- 1840
- July 10, Chicago's first legally executed criminal, John Stone was hanged for rape and murder.
- Population: 4,470.
- 1841
- Union Ridge Cemetery in Norwood Park, Chicago (annexed to Chicago in 1893) was established.
- 1843: Chicago's first cemetery, Chicago City Cemetery, was established in Lincoln Park.
- 1844: Lake Park designated.
- 1847
- June 10, The first issue of the Chicago Tribune is published.
- November 3, Kehilath Anshe Ma'arav, the oldest Jewish congregation in Chicago, was founded.
- 1848
- Chicago Board of Trade opens on April 3 by 82 local businessmen.
- Illinois and Michigan Canal opens and traffic begins moving faster.
- Galena and Chicago Union Railroad enters operation becoming the first railroad in Chicago
- 1849
- Wauconda is founded.
1850sâÂÂ1890s
- 1850: Population: 29,963.
- 1851
- Chicago's first institution of higher education, Northwestern University, is founded.
- Jewish Graceland Cemetery, aka Hebrew Benevolent Society Cemetery, the oldest existing Jewish cemetery in Chicago, was founded.
- The Cook County Poor Farm was founded.
- 1852: Mercy Hospital becomes the first hospital in Illinois.
- 1853
- October: State Convention of the Colored Citizens held in city.
- Union Park named.
- Oak Woods Cemetery was founded.
- 1854
- A cholera epidemic took the lives of 5.5% of the population of Chicago.
- Cook County Cemetery at Dunning, Chicago's first major Potter's field, was founded near the Cook County Poor Farm in Dunning.
- 1855
- Chicago Theological Seminary founded.
- April 21, Lager Beer riot.
- Population: 80,000.
- 1856: Chicago Historical Society founded.
- 1857
- Iwan Ries & Co. Chicago's oldest family-owned business opens, still in operation today, the oldest family-owned tobacco shop.
- Mathias A. Klein & Sons (Klein Tools Inc.), still family owned and run today by fifth and sixth generation Klein's.
- Cook County Hospital opens.
- Hyde Park House built.
- 1859
- McCormick Theological Seminary relocated.
- Rosehill Cemetery, Chicago's largest cemetery, was founded.
- 1860
- September 8, the Lady Elgin Disaster.
- Population: 112,172.
- Daprato Statuary Company (Currently Daprato Rigali Studios) founded by the Daprato brothers, Italian immigrants from Barga.
- Graceland Cemetery was founded.
- 1863
- Saint Boniface Catholic Cemetery and Saint Henry Catholic Cemetery, the oldest existing Catholic cemeteries in Chicago, were founded.
- 1865
- May 1, over 100,000 people attended the procession of the State funeral of Abraham Lincoln and the viewing at the Old Chicago Court House. On June 12, Chicago's Lake Park was re-named Lincoln Park in his honor.
- 867 Confederate prisoners at Camp Douglas (Chicago) died, bringing the total death toll at the camp to 4,454. The majority of the Confederate prisoners were buried in a mass grave at Oak Woods Cemetery.
- Corporal punishment was abandoned in schools.
- Population: 178,492.
- 1866
- School of the Art Institute of Chicago founded.
- Chicago City Cemetery in Lincoln Park was permanently closed, and most of the bodies were moved to other cemeteries in the city.
- 1867
- Construction began on the Water Tower designed by architect W. W. Boyington.
- Chicago Academy of Music founded.
- 1868
- Rand McNally is formed as a railway guide company.
- Lincoln Park Zoo founded.
- 1886
- May 4, the Haymarket riot.
- Chicago Evening Post published (until 1932).
- 1887: Newberry Library established.
- 1888: Dearborn Observatory rebuilt.
- 1889
- Hull House founded.
- Auditorium Building completed.
- Auditorium Theatre opened.
- Mount Olive Cemetery was founded.
- 1890
- The University of Chicago is founded by John D. Rockefeller.
- Population: 1,099,850.
- 1891
- Chicago Symphony Orchestra founded by Theodore Thomas.
- Provident Hospital founded.
- Serial killer H.H. Holmes murdered at least 5 people in Englewood, Chicago between 1891-1894.
- 1892
- June 6, The Chicago and South Side Rapid Transit Railroad (later the Green Line (CTA)), Chicago's first 'L' line, went into operation.
- Masonic Temple for two years, the tallest building in Chicago.
- Streetcar tunnels in Chicago (under the Chicago River) in use until 1906.
- Old Chicago Historical Society Building was built.
- 1893
- May 1 â October 30, The World's Columbian Exposition (World's Fair); World's Parliament of Religions held.
- October 28, Mayor Carter Harrison III was assassinated by Patrick Eugene Prendergast.
- Sears, Roebuck and Company in business.
- First Ferris wheel built by George Washington Gale Ferris Jr.
- Art Institute of Chicago building opens.
- Monadnock Building completed.
- Universal Peace Congress held.
- Chicago Civic Federation founded.
- 1894
- May 11 â August 2, the Pullman Strike.
- Ã
½enské Listy women's magazine begins publication.
- Field Museum of Natural History established.
- 1895:
- May 7, the Metropolitan West Side Elevated Railroad (later the Blue Line (CTA)) opened.
- Marquette Building completed.
- 1896
- 1896 Democratic National Convention held; Bryan delivers Cross of Gold speech.
- Campaign "to improve municipal service and politics" begun in 1896.
- Abeny beauty shop and Tonnesen Sisters photo studio in business.
- 1897
- March 12, The Chicago Elevator Protective Association of Chicago was formed. Later, on July 15, 1901, to become the International Union of Elevator Constructors Local 2.
- The Union Loop Elevated is completed.
- National union of meat packers formed.
- The Chicago Cultural Center, originally the main library of the Chicago Public Library, opened.
- 1898: National peace jubilee was held.
- 1899
- Cook County juvenile court established.
- Municipal Art League established.
- Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building constructed.
20th century
1900sâÂÂ1940s
- 1900
- May 31, The Northwestern Elevated Railroad, later the Red Line (CTA), Purple Line (CTA) and the Brown Line (CTA), opened.
- Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal opens; the Chicago River is completely reversed.
- Municipal Reference Library active (approximate date).
- Labor strike of machinists.
- Saint Luke Cemetery was founded.
- Population: 1,698,575.
- 1902
- Meatpacking strike.
- Montrose Cemetery was founded.
- 1903
- December 30, Iroquois Theater Fire
- City Club of Chicago formed.
- 1905
- The Industrial Workers of the World was founded in June
- Teamsters' strike.
- Chicago Defender newspaper begins publication.
- City Hall rebuilding completed.
- Chicago Federal Building completed.
- 1906
- Municipal court established.
- The Chicago White Sox defeated the Chicago Cubs in the only all-Chicago World Series.
- Sinclair's fictional The Jungle published.
- Chicago Tunnel Company operated a 2 ft. narrow-gauge railway freight tunnel network (until 1959).
- 1907:
- Adolph Kroch opens a bookstore which will evolve into Kroch's and Brentano's
- The Chicago Cubs win their first World Series
- 1908
- The Chicago Cubs win the World Series for the second year in a row. They would not win again until 2016, 108 years later.
- Binga Bank in business.
- 1909: Burnham's Plan of Chicago presented.
- 1910: Population: 2,185,283.
- July 1: Comiskey Park opened (originally called White Sox Park).
- December 22: Chicago Union Stock Yards fire (1910)
- Big Jim Colosimo and Johnny Torrio started the Chicago Outfit.
- 1911: Chicago and North Western Railway Terminal completed.
- 1912:
- Harriet Monroe starts Poetry, which will soon make Chicago a magnet for modern poets.
- 1913
- Great Lakes Storm of 1913
- Wabash Avenue YMCA opens.
- 1914
- April 23: Wrigley Field opened (originally called Weeghman Park).
- Alpha Suffrage Club active.
- Oscar Stanton De Priest became the first African-American alderman of Chicago.
- 1915
- July 24, the SS Eastland Disaster.http://www.eastlanddisaster.org/news/First-Known-Archived-Film-Footage-of-the-Eastland-Disaster-Located
- Chicago Municipal Tuberculosis Sanitarium founded.
- The Great Migration (African American) began. In the first wave of migration between 1915-1940, Chicago's Black population more than doubled.
- 1916
- Rebuilding of the American Fort
- Navy Pier built.
- 1917:
- January 8, Williams vs. City of Chicago U.S. Supreme Court case.
- October 15, The Chicago White Sox won the MLB World Series. They would not win again until 2005, 88 years later.
- 1918
- Irving Park Cemetery was founded.
- Micheaux Film and Book Company in business.
- The Spanish flu killed over 8,500 people in Chicago between September and November 1918.
- 1919
- July 27, the Chicago race riot of 1919.
- Real estate broker Archibald Teller opened the first Fannie May candy store.
- 1920: Population: 2,701,705.
- 1921
- Chicago Bears won their first NFL Championship.
- Balaban and Katz Chicago Theatre built, (later the Chicago Theatre).
- Field Museum of Natural History relocates to Chicago Park District.
- Street-widening and street-opening projects underway.
- Medill School of Journalism opens.
- 1922
- Chicago Council on Global Affairs established.
- Al-Sadiq Mosque, the first mosque in Chicago and the oldest existing mosque in the United States, built.
- 1924
- Murder trial and conviction of Leopold and Loeb.
- October 9: Soldier Field opened.
- 1925
- Goodman Theatre established.
- Chicago railway station opened.
- The Tribune Tower was completed on Michigan Avenue. The building's large Gothic entrance contains pieces of stone from other famous buildings: Westminster Abbey, Cologne Cathedral, the Alamo, the Taj Mahal, the Great Pyramid, and the Arc de Triomphe.
- Al Capone took control of the Chicago Outfit following the attempted murder and subsequent retirement of Johnny Torrio.
- 1926
- Nederlander Theatre opened.
- Granada Theatre opened.
- 1927
- Originally called the Chicago Municipal Airport, Chicago Midway International Airport opened. It was renamed in 1949 to honor the Battle of Midway in World War II.
- July 28: 27 people, mostly women and children, were killed in the Favorite Boat Disaster.
- 1929
- February 14, the St. Valentine's Day Massacre.
- March 28, Chicago Stadium opened.
- Oscar De Priest becomes U.S. representative for Illinois's 1st congressional district.
- Civic Opera Building & Civic Opera House opened.
- 1930
- March 6: 50,000 gather for International Unemployment Day, capping 10 days of protest against Great Depression conditions.
- May 12, Adler Planetarium opened, through a gift from local merchant Max Adler. It was the first planetarium in the Western Hemisphere.
- April 6, Twinkies are invented in Schiller Park.
- May 30, Shedd Aquarium opens.
- The Merchandise Mart was built for Marshall Field & Co. The $32 million, 4.2 million square foot (390,000 m<sup>2</sup>) building was the world's largest commercial building. It was sold it to Joseph P. Kennedy in 1945.
- Population: 3,376,438.
- 1932: Chicago Bears won their second NFL Championship.
- 1933
- Chicago Bears won their third and back-to-back NFL Championship.
- Museum of Science and Industry (Chicago) opened.
- March 6: Mayor Anton Cermak was killed while riding in a car with President-elect Roosevelt. The assassin was thought to have been aiming for Roosevelt.
- 1933âÂÂ34: Century of Progress World's Fair.
- 1934
- May 19: Chicago Union Stock Yards fire (1934)
- Chicago Blackhawks won the NHL Stanley Cup
- July 1: Brookfield Zoo opened.
- July 22: John Dillinger was shot by the FBI in the alley next to the Biograph Theater.
- 1935
- January 19: Coopers Inc. sells the world's first briefs.
- Jay Berwanger of the University of Chicago is awarded the very first Heisman Trophy
- 1937: Labor strike of steelworkers and the 1937 Memorial Day massacre.
- 1938
- Community Factbook begins publication.
- Chicago Blackhawks won the NHL Stanley Cup.
- 1940: Population: 3,396,808.
- Chicago Bears won their fourth NFL Championship.
- 1941: Chicago Bears won their fifth and back-to-back NFL Championship.
- 1943: Chicago Bears won their sixth NFL Championship.
- 1944:
- February, O'Hare International Airport was built (originally named Orchard Field Airport).
- December 26, Premiere of Williams' play The Glass Menagerie.
- Buddhist Temple of Chicago and Midwest Buddhist Temple Taiko, the first Buddhist temples in Chicago, founded.
- 1945:
- Ebony magazine begins publication.
- Curse of the Billy Goat on the Chicago Cubs, which lasted until 2016.
- 1946:
- Construction of Thatcher Homes begins.
- Chicago Bears won their seventh NFL Championship.
- 1948: Chicago Daily Sun and Times newspaper begins publication.
1950sâÂÂ1990s
- 1950
- Chess Records in business.
- Population: 3,620,962. This was the peak of Chicago's population, which has been declining ever since.
- 1951
- December 20: The Edens Expressway, Chicago's first expressway, opened.
- 1953: American Indian Center, the oldest urban Native American center in the United States, opened.
- 1954: Johnson Products Company in business.
- 1955
- April 15: The first McDonald's franchise restaurant, owned by Ray Kroc, opened in the suburb of Des Plaines.
- September 3-6: Thousands of people attended the visitation and funeral of Emmett Till at Roberts Temple Church of God in Christ in Bronzeville.
- December 15: The Eisenhower Expressway opened.
- 1958
- December 1, Our Lady of the Angels School Fire.
- The last streetcar ran in the city. At one time, Chicago had the largest streetcar system in the world.
- 1959: Second City comedy troupe active.
- 1960
- February 29: The first of the Playboy Clubs, featuring bunnies, opened in Chicago.
- September 26: Nixon-Kennedy televised presidential debate held.
- November 5: The Kennedy Expressway was completed.
- White flight accelerated as 10 community areas flipped from majority white populations to majority Black populations from 1960-1980.
- Population: 3,550,404.
- 1961
- December 12: The Dan Ryan Expressway opened.
- Chicago Blackhawks won the NHL Stanley Cup.
- 1963:
- September, Oak Woods Cemetery ended their racial segregation policy following protests.
- Donald Rumsfeld became U.S. representative for Illinois's 13th congressional district.
- Chicago Bears won their eighth NFL Championship.
- 1964
- April 20: The Skokie Swift, later re-named Yellow Line (CTA), opened on the old Skokie Valley tracks of the Chicago, North Shore and Milwaukee Railroad.
- October 24: The Stevenson Expressway opened.
- 1965âÂÂ66 â The Chicago Freedom Movement, centering on the topic of open housing, paves the way for the 1968 Fair Housing Act.
- 1966
- July 13âÂÂ14: Chicago student nurse massacre
- 1967
- January 26 â 27, Major snowstorm deposits 23 inches of snow, closing the city for several days.https://web.archive.org/web/20080211234804/http://www.chipublib.org/004chicago/disasters/snowstorms.html
- August 1: maiden voyage of UAC TurboTrain.
- 1968:
- February 7: Mickelberry Sausage Company plant explosion kills nine and injured 70.
- April 5 - 7, 1968 Chicago riots following the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr..
- August 26 â 29, 1968 Democratic National Convention and its accompanying anti-Vietnam War protests.
- 1969
- October: Weathermen's antiwar demonstration.
- December 4: Black Panther Fred Hampton assassinated.
- The Chicago 8 trial opens.
- The 100-floor John Hancock Center was built.
- 1970
- Soul Train television program begins broadcasting.
- Casa Aztlán (organization) founded.
- Population: 3,366,957.
- 1971: Segundo Ruiz Belvis Cultural Center founded.
- 1972: Vietnam Veterans Against the War headquartered in Chicago.
- 1973: Sears Tower, the tallest building in the world for the next 25 years, was completed.
- 1974: Steppenwolf Theatre Company founded.
- 1977: Chicago Marathon begins.
- 1978: First BBS goes online on February 16.
- 1979
- Heavy snowstorm and city's slow response lead to upset of incumbent mayor.
- May 25, the American Airlines Flight 191 crashes.
- Chicago's first female mayor, Jane M. Byrne, takes office.
- Woodstock Institute headquartered in city.
- 1980:
- July 4, first Taste of Chicago held on Michigan Avenue.
- Population: 3,005,072.
- 1981: Hill Street Blues television show premieres on January 15.
- 1982
- September â October: Chicago Tylenol murders
- 1983
- Harold Washington became the first African American mayor.
- Ordinance banning handguns takes effect.
- 1984
- The Chicago Cubs reach the postseason for the first time since 1945
- The Nike shoe Air Jordan is made for superstar basketball player of the Chicago Bulls Michael Jordan.
- Heartland Institute headquartered in city.
- 1986
- Oprah Winfrey's Harpo Productions, Inc. in business.
- The Chicago Bears win Super Bowl XX
- Presidential Towers complex completed
- 1987
- November 22, Max Headroom signal hijacking
- December 2, Eugene Sawyer became mayor following the sudden death of Mayor Harold Washington.
- 1988
- Lights are installed in Wrigley Field
- February 7, The NBA hosts its 38th All-Star Game at the Chicago Stadium in Chicago.
- Christian Peacemaker Teams headquartered in city.
- 1989
- April 24, Richard M. Daley became mayor.
- 1990: Population: 2,783,726.
- 1991
- May 28, at the Consumer Electronics Show in Chicago, Sony proudly revealed that it was working with Nintendo to create a version of the Super NES with an in-built CD drive. The two Japanese companies had been working together in secret on the project, tentatively titled the Nintendo PlayStation, since 1989 and with the hype about CD-ROM reaching fever pitch, SonyâÂÂs announcement should have been a highlight of the trade show. Eventually leads to betrayal of the company Nintendo to Sony into Leading to the beginning of PlayStation console.
- October 7, Harold Washington Library, the new main branch of the Chicago Public Library and the largest public library building in the world, opened.
- The Chicago Bulls won their first NBA championship.
- 1992
- April 13, the Chicago Flood.
- The Chicago Bulls won their second and back-to-back NBA championship.
- 1993
- The Chicago Bulls won their third NBA championship to achieve a three-peat.
- October 31 - The Orange Line (CTA) opened.
- 1994
- August 18 - United Center opened.
- October 2 - All CTA train lines were re-named to color designations: Red Line (Howard-Dan Ryan); Blue Line (O'Hare-Forest Park-54/Cermak); Orange Line (Midway); Brown Line (Ravenswood); Purple Line (Evanston); Green Line (Lake-Ashland/63-East 63rd); and Yellow Line (Skokie Swift).
- 1995
- The Chicago Heat Wave of 1995.
- Your Radio Playhouse begins broadcasting.
- Kroch's and Brentano's, once the largest privately owned bookstore chain in the US, closes.
- 1996
- Chicago hosts the 1996 Democratic National Convention, sparking protests such as the one whereby Civil Rights Movement historian Randy Kryn and 10 others were arrested by the Federal Protective Service.
- City website online (approximate date).
- The Chicago Bulls won their fourth NBA championship while finishing a season of 72-10 record.
- 1997: The Chicago Bulls won their fifth and second straight back-to-back NBA championship.
- 1998
- The Chicago Bulls won their sixth NBA championship to achieve a second three-peat in eight years.
- October 25: The Chicago Fire won their first MLS cup.
21st century
2000sâÂÂPresent
- 2010
- June 28: US supreme court case McDonald v. City of Chicago decided; overturns city handgun ban.
- Chicago Blackhawks win the Stanley Cup.
- City of Chicago Data Portal launched.https://data.cityofchicago.org/
- Population: 2,695,598.
- 2011
- February 2: 900 cars abandoned on Lake Shore Drive due to Blizzard.
- March 30: Last of Cabrini Green towers torn down.
- Rahm Emanuel became mayor, and was the first Jewish mayor of Chicago.
- Population: 8,707,120; metro 17,504,753.
- 2012
- 38th G8 summit and 2012 Chicago Summit are to take place in Chicago.
- The first of an ongoing franchise of NBC Chicago-set dramas, Chicago Fire, makes its world premiere on WMAQ
- 2013
- Chicago Blackhawks win the Stanley Cup scoring 2 goals in 17 seconds to defeat the Boston Bruins
- Robin Kelly becomes U.S. representative for Illinois's 2nd congressional district.
- 2014
- January: Chiberia
- August: Archer Daniels Midland completes its headquarters move from Decatur to the Loop.
- November 2: Wallenda performs high-wire stunt.
- 2015
- 606 linear park opens.
- FOX's Empire (TV Series) premieres on WFLD-32.
- Chicago Blackhawks win the Stanley Cup yet again for the third time in six years, establishing a "puck dynasty" nationwide and arguably becoming the best team in the NHL.
- Video of the murder of Laquan McDonald is released by court order, and protests ensue.
- 2016
- February 2: Gage Park murders
- June 16: McDonald's announces it will move its headquarters from Oak Brook to the West Loop by 2018.
- November 2: Chicago Cubs win the world series.
- ConAgra completes its headquarters move from Omaha to the Merchandise Mart.
- Shree Ganesh Temple of Chicago, the first Hindu temple in the city of Chicago, opened.
See also
References
Further reading
External links