Timeline of Braunschweig

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Braunschweig (Brunswick), Germany.

Prior to 19th century

• 861 - According to legend, Braunschweig founded by Bruno of Saxony.
• 955 - Area of city expanded.
• 1031 - church consecrated.
• 1145 - Riddagshausen Abbey founded.
• 1160s - Henry the Lion makes Braunschweig his residence.
• 1166 - Brunswick Lion statue created.
• 1175
• Dankwarderode Castle built.
• Birth of Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor
• 1188 - Gospels of Henry the Lion created.
• 1190s - church construction begins.
• 1194 - Brunswick Cathedral built.
• 1194 - 6 August: Henry the Lion dies.
• 1200s
• church construction begins.
• Braunschweig joins the Hanseatic League.
• (carnival) is celebrated.
• 1245 - (nursing home and orphanage) established.
• 1293–94 - (civil unrest)
• 1304 - on first mentioned.
• 1307 - guildhall/exchange first mentioned.
• 1312 - Rüningen gristmill first mentioned.
• 1370s - (civil unrest)
• 1390
• Public clock installed (approximate date).
• Brunswick Mum is sold.
• 1396 - (city hall) building expanded.
• 1408 - (fountain) installed in the .
• 1410s
• Liberei (library) built.
• (conflict between city council and churches)
• 1411 - Faule Mette cannon created.
• 1415 - secondary school established.
• 1420 - church built (approximate date).
• 1432 - The Princes of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel move their Residenz from Braunschweig to Wolfenbüttel.
• 1434 - Aegidienkirche (church) built (approximate date).
• 1445–46 - (civil unrest)
• 1451 - (church) built.
• 1487–89 - (civil unrest)
• 1498 - (fair) established.
• 1509 - Printing press in operation.
• 1520s - Protestant Reformation in Braunschweig.
• 1524 - built.
• 1531–32 - Braunschweig joins Schmalkaldic League.
• 1534 - built.
• 1551 - Population: 16,192.
• 1567 - built.
• 1573 - built on the .
• 1627 - (brewery) established.
• 1643 - (customs house) built.
• 1663 - Trial and execution of Anna Roleffes.
• 1671 - Siege of Braunschweig by Rudolph Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
• 1690 - (opera house and theatre) opens.
• 1745
• Collegium Carolinum founded.
• Braunschweigische Anzeigen newspaper in publication.https://books.google.com/books?id=JDkoAAAAYAAJ
• 1753 - Brunswick Palace established as the new ducal residence.
• 1754 - Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum and State Natural History Museum open.
• 1761 - First Battle of Ölper
• 1768 - Birth of Caroline of Brunswick future wife of George IV.
• 1769 - Schloss Richmond (castle) built.
• 1772 - 13 March: Premiere of Lessing's play Emilia Galotti.
• 1773 - Population: 23,385.
• 1790s - dismantled (approximate date).
• 1791 - (bridge) rebuilt.
• 1799 - Friedrich Vieweg (publisher) moves to Braunschweig.

19th century

• 1806 - French in power; begins.
• 1807 - becomes mayor.
• 1809 - 1 August: Second Battle of Ölper
• 1815 - Duchy of Brunswick established
• 1823 - Obelisk erected in the .
• 1829 - 19 January: Premiere of Goethe's play Faust, Part One.
• 1830 - 7–8 September: Civil unrest, Brunswick Palace stormed by an angry mob and destroyed completely.
• 1834 - Attained municipal self-government.
• 1835 - Grotrian-Steinweg established.
• 1838 - Westermann Verlag (publisher) in business.
• 1838 - 1 December: First section of the Brunswick–Bad Harzburg railway line, connecting Braunschweig and Wolfenbüttel, opens.
• 1843–44 - Hanover–Brunswick railway opens.
• 1844 - Rabbinical Conference of Brunswick
• 1847 - MTV Braunschweig established.
• 1848–49 -
• 1849 - Voigtländer sets up its office in Braunschweig.
• 1853 - active.
• 1856 - ' (magazine) headquartered in Braunschweig.
• 1860 - established.
• 1861
• Staatstheater Braunschweig (theatre) opens.
• (library) and founded.
• 1863 - sculpture erected atop the palace.
• 1871
• ' newspaper in publication.
• brewery in business.
• Population: 57,883.
• 1872 - Brunswick–Magdeburg railway begins operating.
• 1874 - Konrad Koch introduces football to Germany.
• 1875 - 23 September: opens.
• 1879 - Trams in Braunschweig begin operating.
• 1880 - Population: 75,038.
• 1885 - Population: 85,174.
• 1887 - Braunschweig Main Cemetery (cemetery) established.
• 1890 - Population: 101,047.
• 1891 - Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum founded.
• 1894–1900 - New (city hall) built.
• 1895
• Eintracht Braunschweig football club and (cemetery) established.
• bookseller in business.
• Population: 115,138.

20th century

1900–1945

• 1901 - (historical society) founded.https://books.google.com/books?id=jXoKAAAAIAAJ
• 1903 - Büssing established.
• 1905 - Population: 136,423.
• 1906 - Dankwarderode Castle reconstructed.
• 1907 - (bicycle manufactory) in business.
• 1909 - 21 April: Gymnasium Gaussschule established.
• 1913 - 24 May: Marriage of Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick and Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia.
• 1918
• occurs.
• 8 November: Ernest Augustus forced to abdicate.
• 10 November: Socialist Republic of Brunswick proclaimed.
• 10 November: Free State of Brunswick established.
• 1919
• 9 April: Spartacus League uprising.
• 13–17 April: State of emergency declared, Freikorps troops enter city.
• Population: 139,539.
• 1920 - Rollei established.
• 1923 - 17 June: Eintracht-Stadion opens.
• 1929 - Deutsche Verkehrsfliegerschule moved to Broitzem.
• 1931
• is incorporated into the city of Braunschweig.
• ' (newspaper) begins publication.
• 17–18 October: A large Nazi rally is held in Braunschweig, 100,000 SA stormtroopers march through the city.
• 1933 - Mittelland Canal reaches Braunschweig.
• 1934
• , , , Ölper, , , and are incorporated into the city of Braunschweig.
• Population: 166,823.
• 1935 - SS-Junkerschule Braunschweig established.
• 1936
• Luftfahrtforschungsanstalt in Völkenrode built.
• Braunschweig Airport opens.
• 1938
• (formerly Brunswick State Conservatoire) established.
• 23 February: Volkswagenwerk Braunschweig starts production.
• 9–10 November: Kristallnacht in Braunschweig.
• 1939
• Nazi Academy for Youth Leadership built.
• 20 September: Oflag XI-B POW camp for Polish officers established.
• Population: 208,400.
• 1940
• 24 June: Oflag XI-B POW camp dissolved, POWs transferred to Oflag II-C in Dobiegniew.
• Synagogue demolished.
• Bombing of Braunschweig in World War II begins.
• 1943 - Entbindungsheim für Ostarbeiterinnen established.
• 1944
• 25 March: Subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp established at the SS troop supply camp.
• 5 June: Subcamp of Neuengamme at the SS troop supply camp dissolved. Prisoners deported to a subcamp in Warberg.
• 17 August: Schillstraße subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp established.
• September: Braunschweig-Vechelde subcamp of Neuengamme established.
• December: Women subcamp of Neuengamme established at the SS Riding School.
• 1945
• February: Women subcamp of Neuengamme at the SS Riding School dissolved. Prisoners deported to subcamps in Salzgitter and Helmstedt.
• March: Braunschweig-Vechelde subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved. Prisoners moved to the Schillstraße subcamp.
• March/April: Schillstraße subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved. Prisoners sent on a death march to Salzgitter.
• 12 April: .