Timeline of Aleppo

The following is a of the history of the city of Aleppo, Syria.

Prior to 10th century

• Founded before 2000 BCE
• 1800–1525 BCE – part of the Amorite dynasty
• 333 BCE – Alexander the Great in power.
• 286 BCE – Hellenic settlement of Beroea established.
• 88 BCE – City becomes part of Kingdom of Armenia.
• 64 BCE – City becomes part of Roman Syria.
• 611 CE – Persian Chosroes II in power.
• 637
• July–October: Siege of Aleppo by Muslim forces.
• Al-Shuaibiyah Mosque built.
• 717 – Great Mosque built.

10th–12th centuries

• 944 – Sayf al-Dawla in power.
• 962 – City sacked by the Byzantines.
• 1086 - Aleppo submit to the rule of Malik-Shah, the Turkish ruler of the Seljuk Empire
• 1094 – After defeating opposing Seljuk governor Aq Sunqur, Tutush becomes ruler of the city.
• 1124 – City besieged by Christian crusaders under Baldwin II of Jerusalem.
• 1124 – Al-Halawiyah Madrasa built.
• 1138 – 11 October: Earthquake was one of deadliest of all time.
• 1168 – Al-Muqaddamiyah Madrasa established.
• 1170 – 29 June: Earthquake.
• 1183 – Saladin assumes power.
• 1193
• Az-Zahir Ghazi in power.
• Al-Shadbakhtiyah Madrasa built.

13th century

• 1211 – Hammam al-Sultan built.
• 1212 – Bab al-Nasr (gate) rebuilt.
• 1218 – Aqueduct restored.
• 1223 – Al-Sultaniyah Madrasa established.
• 1230 – Bab al-Maqam (gate) built.
• 1236 – Al-Firdaws Madrasa established.
• 1237
• Khanqah al-Farafira (monastery) and Al-Kameliyah Madrasa built.
• Bab al-Nairab (gate) built (approximate date).
• 1242 – Al-Sharafiyah Madrasa built.
• 1251 – Al-Turantaiyah Madrasa built.
• 1256 – Bab Qinnasrin (gate) rebuilt.
• 1260 – City besieged by Mongol forces under Hulagu Khan.
• 1280 – City besieged by Mongol forces.

14th–15th centuries

• 1303 – Mahmandar Mosque built.
• 1318 – Altun Bogha Mosque built.
• 1350 – Al-Sahibiyah Mosque built.
• 1354 – Bimaristan Arghun al-Kamili (asylum) active.
• 1398 – Al-Otrush Mosque and Al-Tawashi mosque built.
• 1400 – City sacked by forces of Timur of Transoxia.
• 1427 – Citadel expanded.
• 1418 – Central Synagogue rebuilt.
• 1425 – Al-Saffahiyah Mosque built.
• 1429 – Forty Martyrs Cathedral consecrated.
• 1450
• Khan al-Qadi active in Al-Madina Souq.
• Hammam al-Bayadah built.
• 1472 – Khan al-Burghul built in Al-Madina Souq.
• 1491 – Hammam Yalbugha built.
• 1500
• Cathedral of Our Lady of Syrians built.
• Church of the Dormition of Our Lady renovated.

16th century

• 1509 – Bab al-Hadid (gate) rebuilt.
• 1516 – Ottoman Selim I in power.
• 1517 – Becomes part of Ottoman Empire.
• 1534 – City becomes capital of Aleppo Eyalet.
• 1537 – Population: 80,000.
• 1539 – Souq Khan al-Nahhaseen built in Al-Madina Souq.
• 1546 – Khan al-Shouneh built in Al-Madina Souq.
• 1547 – Khusruwiyah Mosque built.
• 1548 – Consulate of Republic of Venice established.
• 1557 – Al-Adiliyah Mosque built (approximate date).
• 1562 – Consulate of France established.
• 1583 – Consulate of England established.

17th–18th centuries

• 1603 – Beit Wakil (mansion) built.
• 1622 – Levant Company in business.
• 1613 – Consulate of the Netherlands established.
• 1629 – Guild of "makers of swords, knives, daggers, bows, and shields" organized.
• 1682 - Souq Khan al-Wazir built in Al-Madina Souq.
• 1683 - Population: 115,000.
• 1706 - Printing press established.
• 1724 – Al-Ahmadiyah Madrasa established.
• 1730 – Madrasa Ridaiya established.

19th century

• 1805 – Uprising.
• 1812 – Earthquake; citadel collapses.
• 1814 – "Janissary massacre."
• 1822 – Earthquake.
• 1823
• Cholera outbreak.
• Population: 250,000 (approximate).
• 1827 – Plague.
• 1830 – Earthquake.
• 1832
• Ibrahim Pasha takes city for Muhammad Ali of Egypt.
• Cholera outbreak.
• 1834 – Military barracks built in the Citadel.
• 1840 – Mohammed Ali relinquishes power.
• 1850
• City besieged by Beduins.
• Massacre of Aleppo (1850).
• 1853 – Pogrom of Jews.
• 1858 – Population: 70,000 (approximate).
• 1859 – Terre-Sainte College opens.
• 1864 – City becomes capital of Aleppo Vilayet.
• 1868 – Municipal council formed.
• 1873 – Saint Elias Cathedral built.
• 1875 – Pogrom of Jews.
• 1878 – Population: 95,000 (approximate).
• 1885 – Aleppo chamber of commerce founded.
• 1892 – Thanawiyyat al-Ma'mun (school) opens.
• 1899 - Bab al-Faraj Clock Tower built.

20th century

• 1901 – Ades Synagogue established.
• 1906 – Hama-Aleppo railway in operation.
• 1909 – Abd al-Wahab al-Inklizi becomes mayor.
• 1910
• Nadi al-Ta'ddud (Mutual Aid Society) founded.
• Population: 130,000 (approximate).
• 1911 – Baron Hotel in business.
• 1912 – Baghdad Railway in operation.
• 1916 – Aleppo College established.
• 1918 – Ihsan al-Jabiri becomes mayor.
• 1920 - Syria mandated to the French; city becomes capital of State of Aleppo.
• 1922 - Red Hand Society organized (approximate date).
• 1924
• Damascus and Aleppo united by the French.
• Airport in operation (approximate date).
• Municipal library established.
• 1925 – Al-Yarmouk Sporting Club formed.
• 1927 – al-Hadith journal begins publication.
• 1931 - National Museum of Aleppo founded.
• 1933 - Grand Serail d'Alep opens.
• 1936 - al-Nazir newspaper begins publication.
• 1945
• National Library of Aleppo and Club d'Alep open.
• 1947 - Pogrom of Jews.
• 1948
• People's Party established.
• Al-Baladi Stadium opens.
• 1949
• Aleppo Public Park created.
• Al-Ittihad Sports Club and Jalaa FC formed.
• 1950
• Population: 362,500.
• al-Nass newspaper begins publication (approximate date).
• 1952 – Hurriya Sporting Club formed.
• 1958 – University of Aleppo established.
• 1963 – Nasserist insurgency.
• 1964 – Population: 547,030 (estimate).
• 1965 – Chemins de Fer Syriens headquartered in city.
• 1970
• Our Lady of Assumption church opens.
• Population: 639,428.
• 1971 – Statue of Qustaki al-Himsi erected in Liberty Square.
• 1975 – Popular Traditions Museum opens in Beit Achiqbash.
• 1977 – International School of Aleppo established.
• 1979 – Aleppo Artillery School massacre took place by Muslim Brotherhood.
• 1980 – Siege of Aleppo.
• 1983 – International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas seed bank founded.http://www.icarda.org/research-sub/biodiversity-and-its-utilizationhttps://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2015/09/rescuing-ancient-seeds-from-a-war-torn-city/406978/
• 1985 – Population: 1,145,117 (estimate).
• 1986 – Al-Hamadaniah Stadium opens.
• 1990 – Population: 1,216,000.
• 1994
• Aleppo Citadel Museum opens.
• Population: 1,542,000 (estimate).
• 1997 – Lycée Français d'Alep established.

21st century

• 2002 – Private University of Science and Arts established.
• 2004 – Population: 2,132,100.
• 2006 – City designated an Islamic Capital of Culture.
• 2007 – Aleppo International Stadium opens.
• 2008
• Sabah Fakhri Institute of music opened.
• Population: 4,450,000 (estimate).
• 2012
• 10 February: Bombings.
• 18 March: Bombing.
• 4 May: Protest and crackdown.
• 19 July: Battle of Aleppo begins.
• 9 September: Bombing near the 7 April Stadium.
• 3 October: Bombing in Saadallah Al-Jabiri Square.
• 2013
• 15 January: Aleppo University bombings.
• 19 March: Chemical weapon attack by militants.
• 2016
• 22 December: Battle of Aleppo ends.
• 2020
• 16 February: Syrian Armed Forces recapture the entire city of Aleppo.
• 2024
• 30 November: Syrian opposition forces capture most of the city in a surprise offensive.

See also

• History of Aleppo
• Ancient City of Aleppo
• List of churches in Aleppo
• List of mosques in Aleppo
• List of rulers of Aleppo
• of other cities in Syria: Damascus, Hama, Homs, Latakia

References

Bibliography

Published in 18th–19th century

• (+ 1898 ed. and 1912 ed.)

Published in 20th century

• Ralph Davis, Aleppo and Devonshire Square English Traders in the Levant in the Eighteenth Century (1967) Macmillan
• Yasser Tabbaa. "Circles of Power: Palace, Citadel, and City in Ayyubid Aleppo." Ars Orientalis 23 (1993): 181–200.

Published in 21st century

• Nora Lafi, "Building and Destroying Authenticity in Aleppo: Heritage between Conservation, Transformation, Destruction, and Re-Invention" in Christoph Bernhardt, Martin Sabrow, Achim Saupe (eds.)., Gebaute Geschichte. Historische Authentizität im Stadtraum, Göttingen, Wallstein, 2017, pp. 206–228.

External links

• 1930s–1940s
• Europeana. Items related to Aleppo
• Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Aleppo
• 2016–