The network of railway lines in Western Australia associated with the timber and firewood industries is as old as the mainline railway system of the former Western Australian Government Railways system.
There is a range of terminology related to the timber railways - they have been known as logging railways, timber trams, and other names. The dominant feature is the mobility or ease of moving the lines from one area of forest to another - and in the early years the relatively primitive state of the lines. The dominant features are the narrow gauge and lightness of the locomotives, relative to permanent railways. In Western Australia, to allow for interchangeability of rail stock with the government rail system, a lot of the lines were gauge, however the weight of the rails was usually much less than mainline steel.
The timber industry relied mostly upon the jarrah forests of the Darling Range and the karri forests of the Southwest Australia region.
It had stages of development, depending upon government policy and support. The 1980s and the development of government railways assisted the industry, as did various levels of demand for jarrah and the other timbers. Various labour issues in the industry, and external forces, required re-thinking of the industry long before concern for over-logging and forest destruction in the 21st century.
In many cases, timber/sawmilling/logging companies were family businesses, and as a consequence operations continued over time through family relationships, which in turn had effect on timber railway operations.
Kalgoorlie woodlines were lines that spread throughout the Eastern Goldfields of Western Australia, in all directions from the centre of the Kalgoorlie-Boulder region. Commonly known as the woodlines they sustained a population of railway and timber workers in mainly temporary railway networks that moved regularly from the early twentieth century to the 1960s.
The main companies were:
A significant event in the woodlines history that affected the region was the industrial action that became the Woodline strike between 1 July through to 14 August 1919 over the attempt at post war reduction of wages for workers. The strike brought the goldmines of Kalgoorlie to a standstill as a result.
The comprehensive coverage of the timber and firewood tramways in Western Australia is the publication in two editions: