Thlypopsis is a genus of birds in the tanager family Thraupidae.
The genus Thlypopsis was introduced by the German ornithologists Jean Cabanis in 1851. The name combines the Ancient Greek thlupis, a word for an unknown small bird, and opsis meaning "appearance". The type species was subsequently designated as the orange-headed tanager (Thlypopsis sordida).
The chestnut-headed tanager was formerly placed in the genus Pyrrhocoma and the superciliaried hemispingus in Hemispingus. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that these two species were embedded in Thlypopsis.
The genus contains eight species: