Thai Charoen (, ; , ) is a district of Yasothon province in northeastern Thailand.
Thai Charoen, formerly a sub-district (tambon) of Loeng Nok Tha, was established as a minor district (king amphoe) on 1 April 1992, consisting of five sub-districts formerly of Loeng Nok Tha.
On 11 October 1997, Thai Charoen was raised to district (amphoe) status, becoming Yasothon's ninth and Thailand's 784th district.
The area has been home to the Roman Catholic St Michael's Church, Songyae, since 1908.
Neighboring districts are (from the south clockwise): Pa Tio, Kut Chum, and Loeng Nok Tha, of Yasothon Province; Senangkhanikhom and Mueang Amnat Charoen of Amnat Charoen province.
The district is divided into five sub-districts (tambons), and 48 villages (mubans).
The secondary schools in Thai Charoen are: