Tannourine Cedar Forest Nature Reserve (Arabic: àÃÂàÃÂé ãñò êÃÂÃÂñÃÂÃÂ) is a protected area in northern Lebanon, situated in the Mount Lebanon Governorate within the Tannourine region. The reserve was established on 25 February 1999 under Law No. 9 and is managed by a committee in cooperation with the Ministry of Environment. Covering approximately 12 square kilometers, it is one of LebanonâÂÂs most significant cedar forests, known for its ecological and scientific value.
The cedars of Lebanon are frequently referenced in the Bible, representing strength, longevity, and divine favor. King Solomon notably used cedar wood in constructing the First Temple in Jerusalem, highlighting the tree's durability and aesthetic appeal. Today, the cedar remains a prominent emblem on the Lebanese flag, symbolizing the nation's resilience and rich historical heritage.
The reserve contains the largest and densest stand of Lebanese cedar (Cedrus libani) in the country, with over 2.5 million trees. Cedars constitute more than 80% of the forestâÂÂs total tree population. Other notable tree species include oak, juniper, and maple.
The Tannourine Cedar Forest is designated as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International due to its role in supporting diverse avian species. It serves as a resting place for 156 migratory bird species and a breeding site for rare species such as the blue tit and white-throated robin. In total, 71 bird species have been observed in the reserve.
The reserve hosts a variety of fauna, including:
The terrain of the reserve is characterized by steep, rocky slopes, with cedars growing on near vertical inclines. The area is enriched with natural water features, including floating lakes and over 100 springs.
Conservation strategies implemented in the reserve include:
The reserve offers hiking trails that pass through cedar groves, naturally occurring grottos, and dramatic landscapes. A potential trail connects the reserve to the Baatara Gorge Waterfall, a major natural attraction. The challenging terrain has helped limit excessive tourism, preserving the forestâÂÂs ecosystem.
Beyond cedar trees, the reserve is home to rare high-altitude flowers, including mountain tulips and the Lebanese prickly thrift. The Tannourine Cedar Forest Nature Reserve is considered one of LebanonâÂÂs most significant ecological sites, offering a combination of biodiversity, natural beauty, and conservation importance.