Takhtajan system

A system of plant taxonomy, the Takhtajan system of plant classification was published by Armen Takhtajan, in several versions from the 1950s onwards. It is usually compared to the Cronquist system. It admits paraphyletic groups.

Systems

The first classification was published in Russian in 1954, and came to the attention of the rest of the world after publication of an English translation in 1958 as Origin of Angiospermous Plants. Further versions appeared in 1959 (Die Evolution der Angiospermen) and 1966 (Sistema i filogeniia tsvetkovykh rastenii). The latter popularised Takhtajan's system when it appeared in English in 1969 (Flowering plants: Origin and dispersal). A further revision appeared in 1980.

1966 system

Magnoliophyta (Angiospermae) p. 51
Class: Magnoliatae (Dicotyledones) p. 51
Class: Liliatae (Monocotyledones) p. 461
Subclass A: Alismidae p. 461
Subclass B: Liliidae p. 473 (was nom. nov.)
Superorder Lilianae p. 473 (was nom. nov.)
Order Liliales p. 473
Family Liliaceae p. 474
Family Xanthorrhoeaceae p. 476
Family Aphyllanthaceae p. 476
Family Alliaceae p. 477
Family Agavaceae p. 478
Family Amaryllidaceae p. 480
Family Alstroemeriaceae p. 481
Family Haemodoraceae p. 482
Family Hypoxidaceae p. 483
Family Velloziaceae p. 483
Family Philesiaceae p. 484
Family Tecophilaeaceae p. 484
Family Cyanastraceae p. 485
Family Asparagaceae p. 486
Family Smilacaceae p. 487
Family Stemonaceae p. 487
Family Dioscoreaceae p. 488
Family Taccaceae p. 489
Family Phylydraceae p. 491
Family Pontederiaceae p. 490
Order Bromeliales p. 492
Order Iridales p. 494
Order Zingiberales p. 498
Order Orchidales p. 505
Superorder Juncanae p. 510
Subclass C: Commelinidae p. 461
Subclass D: Arecidae p. 525

1997 system

As published in Diversity and Classification of Flowering Plants

Division Magnoliophyta (2 classes, 17 subclasses, 71 superorders, 232 orders, 589 families
Class Magnoliopsida Brongn. (1843) (Dicotyledons) 11 subclasses, 55 superorders, 175 orders, 458 families
Subclass Magnoliidae Novak ex Takht. (1967)
Subclass Nymphaeidae J.W. Walker ex Takht. (1997)
Subclass Nelumbonidae Takht. (1997)
Subclass Ranunculidae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
Subclass Caryophyllidae Takht. (1967)
Subclass Hamamelididae Takht. (1967)
Subclass Dilleniidae Takht. ex Reveal & Tahkt. (1993)
Subclass Rosidae Takht. (1967)
Subclass Cornidae Frohne & U. Jensen ex Reveal (1994)
Subclass Asteridae Takht. (1967)
Subclass Lamiidae Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
Class Liliopsida Batsch (1802) (Monocotyledons) 6 subclasses, 16 superorders, 57 orders, 131 families
Subclass Liliidae Takht. (1967)
Superorder Lilianae Takht. (1967) 14 orders
Order Melanthiales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
Order Colchicales Dumort. (1829)
Order Trilliales Takht. (1996)
Order Liliales Perleb (1826)
Family Liliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Family Medeolaceae (S. Wats.) Takht. (1987)
Order Alstroemeriales Hutch. (1934)
Order Iridales Raf. (1815)
Order Tecophilaeales Traub ex Reveal (1993)
Order Burmanniales Heintze (1927)
Order Hypoxidales Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
Order Orchidales Raf. (1815)
Order Amaryllidales Bromhead (1840)
Order Asparagales Bromhead (1838)
Order Xanthorrhoeales Takth., nom. inval. (1997)
Order Hanguanales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
Superorder Dioscoreanae Takht. ex Reveal & Doweld (1999)
Subclass Commelinidae Takht. (1967)
Subclass Arecidae Takht. (1967)
Subclass Alismatidae Takht. (1967)
Subclass Triurididae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
Subclass Aridae Takht. (1997)

2009 system

As published in Flowering Plants

Phylum Magnoliophyta (flowering plants) Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. ex Reveal (1996)
Class Magnoliopsida Brongn. (1843) (Dicotyledons) p. 7
Subclass I. Magnoliidae p. 11
Superorder Nymphaeanae
Superorder Magnolianae
Superorder Lauranae
Superorder Piperanae
Superorder Rafflesianae
Subclass II. Ranunculidae p. 69
Superorder Proteanae
Superorder Ranunculanae
Subclass III. Hamamelididae p. 101
Superorder Hamamelidanae
Superorder Juglandanae
Subclass IV. Caryophyllidae p. 129
Superorder Caryophyllanae
Superorder Polygonanae
Superorder Nepenthanae
Subclass V. Dilleniidae p. 167
Superorder Dillenianae
Superorder Ericanae
Superorder Violanae
Superorder Capparanae
Superorder Malvanae
Superorder Euphorbianae
Subclass VI. Rosidae p. 293
Superorder Rosanae
Superorder Myrtanae
Superorder Fabanae
Superorder Rutanae
Superorder Celastranae
Superorder Santalanae
Superorder Balanophoranae
Superorder Rhamnanae
Subclass VII. Asteridae p. 435
Superorder Cornanae
Superorder Asperanae
Subclass VIII. Lamiidae p. 511
Superorder Lamianae
Class Liliopsida Scop. (1760) (Monocotyledons) p. 595
Subclass I: Alismatidae p. 589
Superorder Petrosavianae
Superorder Alismatanae
Superorder Aranae
Subclass II: Liliidae Takht. (1966) p. 625
Superorder Lilianae Takht. (1966)
Order Melanthiales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
Order Trilliales Takht. (1996)
Order Liliales Perleb (1826)
1. Family Campynemataceae
2. Family Colchicaceae
3. Family Tricyrtidaceae
4. Family Scoliopaceae p. 634
5. Family Calochortaceae p. 634
6. Family Liliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789) p. 634
7. Family Medeolaceae (S. Wats.) Takht. (1987) p. 634
Order Burmanniales
Order Alstroemeriales Hutch. (1934)
Order Smilacales
Order Orchidales
Order Iridales
Order Amaryllidales
Order Asparagales
Superorder Pandananae
Superorder Dioscoreanae Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
Superorder Arecanae
Subclass III: Arecidae p. 693
Superorder Arecanae
Subclass IV: Commelinidae p. 699
Superorder Bromelianae
Superorder Zingiberanae
Superorder Commelinanae
Superorder Juncanae
Superorder Poanae

References

Bibliography

Works by Takhtajan

Translated by C Jeffrey, as Flowering plants: Origin and dispersal, Edinburgh : Oliver and Boyd, 1969.

External links

Takhtajan system at CSDL, Texas . Also, at the Norton Brown Herbarium, Maryland (with an extensive listing of synonyms, both nomenclatural and taxonomic, for each name in the system): 1, 2, 3
Angiosperm Classification according to Armen Takhtajan, 1966