Symmachia is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm.
This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few species, presumably owing to a mimetic transformation. This widening of the forewing is accompanied by a peculiar flight resembling that of Thecla, which becomes very conspicuous in the non-mimetic species, whereas in the mimetic species it is replaced by that of the causal originals to which reference is made in the single species, and which may more correctly be eliminated from the genus. They are more closely allied to the Gricosoma than the non-mimetic species, but we shall here give the precedence to the more typical forms. Many Symmachia are great rarities, and they are extremely peculiar in the shape as well as in the colouring. They fly in the day time, not continuously, and rest beneath leaves.
Species
- Symmachia aconia <small>Hewitson, 1876</small> present in Brazil
- Symmachia accusatrix <small>Westwood, 1851</small> present in Mexico, Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil and French Guiana
- Symmachia almeidai <small>(Zikán, 1946)</small> present in Brazil
- Symmachia arcuata <small>Hewitson, 1867</small> present in Brazil
- Symmachia arion <small>(C. & R. Felder, 1865)</small> present in Brazil and Colombia
- Symmachia aurigera <small>(Weeks, 1902)</small> present in Colombia
- Symmachia basilissa <small>(Bates, 1868)</small> present in Brazil and French Guiana
- Symmachia batesi <small>(Staudinger, [1887])</small> present in Brazil
- Symmachia calderoni <small>Hall & Lamas, 2001</small> present in Peru
- Symmachia calligrapha <small>Hewitson, 1867</small> present in Brazil and French Guiana
- Symmachia calliste <small>Hewitson, 1867</small> present in Brazil, Colombia, Nicaragua and French Guiana
- Symmachia elinas <small>(Rebillard, 1958)</small> present in Brazil
- Symmachia eraste <small>(Bates, 1868)</small> present in Brazil
- Symmachia emeralda <small>Hall & Harvey, 2002</small> present in Ecuador and French Guiana
- Symmachia estellina present in French Guiana
- Symmachia exigua <small>(Bates, 1868)</small> present in Brazil
- Symmachia falcistriga <small>Stichel, 1910</small> present in French Guiana, Bolivia and Brazil
- Symmachia fassli <small>Hall & Willmott, 1995</small> present in Ecuador
- Symmachia fulvicauda <small>Stichel, 1924</small> present in Brazil
- Symmachia hazelana <small>Hall & Willmott, 1996</small> present in Ecuador
- Symmachia hetaerina <small>Hewitson, 1867</small> present in Brazil and Peru
- Symmachia hippea <small>Herrich-Schäffer, [1853]</small> present in French Guiana, Guyana and Suriname
- Symmachia hippodice <small>Godman, 1903</small> present in Brazil
- Symmachia jugurtha <small>Staudinger, [1887]</small> present in Colombia
- Symmachia juratrix <small>Westwood, 1851</small> present in Brazil and French Guiana
- Symmachia leena <small>Hewitson, 1870</small> present in Mexico, Panama, Nicaragua, Colombia, French Guiana and Brazil
- Symmachia leopardinum <small>(C. & R. Felder, 1865)</small> present in Brazil and French Guiana
- Symmachia maeonius <small>Staudinger, 1888</small> present in Brazil
- Symmachia menetas <small>(Drury, 1782)</small> present in Suriname and Brazil
- Symmachia miron <small>Grose-Smith, 1898</small> present in French Guiana and Ecuador
- Symmachia multesima <small>Stichel, 1910</small> present in Colombia and French Guiana
- Symmachia nemesis <small>Le Cerf, 1958</small> present in Brazil
- Symmachia norina <small>Hewitson, 1867</small> present in Brazil and French Guiana
- Symmachia pardalia <small>Stichel, 1924</small> present in Peru
- Symmachia pardalis <small>Hewitson, 1867</small> present in Brazil and French Guiana
- Symmachia phaedra <small>(Bates, 1868)</small> present in Brazil and Ecuador
- Symmachia poirieri <small>Gallard, 2009</small> present in French Guiana
- Symmachia praxilla <small>Westwood, 1851</small> present in Brazil
- Symmachia probetor <small>(Stoll, [1782])</small> present in Mexico, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Suriname, Guyana, French Guiana and Brazil
- Symmachia rita <small>Staudinger, [1887]</small> synonym of Symmachia norina
- Symmachia rosanti present in French Guiana
- Symmachia rubrica <small>(Stichel, 1929)</small> present in Colombia and Ecuador
- Symmachia rubina <small>Bates, 1866</small> present in Mexico, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia and Brazil
- Symmachia sepyra <small>(Hewitson, 1877)</small> present in Ecuador
- Symmachia splendida <small>(Salazar & Constantino, 1993)</small> present in Colombia
- Symmachia stigmosissima <small>Stichel, 1910</small> present in Bolivia and French Guiana
- Symmachia suevia <small>Hewitson, 1877</small> present in Ecuador
- Symmachia technema <small>Stichel, 1910</small> present in Suriname, French Guiana and Trinidad and Tobago
- Symmachia threissa <small>Hewitson, 1870</small> present in French Guiana, Colombia and Nicaragua
- Symmachia tigrina <small>Hewitson, 1867</small> present in Brazil and French Guiana
- Symmachia titiana <small>Hewitson, 1870</small> present in Ecuador
- Symmachia triangularis <small>(Thieme, 1907)</small> present in Colombia and French Guiana
- Symmachia tricolor <small>Hewitson, 1867</small> present in Mexico, Guatemala, Peru and French Guiana
- Symmachia virgatula <small>Stichel, 1910</small> present in Colombia, Trinidad and Tobago and French Guiana
- Symmachia virgaurea <small>Stichel, 1910</small> present in Colombia
- Symmachia xypete <small>(Hewitson, 1870)</small> present in Nicaragua and Panama
References
- Symmachia at Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera
External links