The sultan of the Sultanate of Oman () is the monarchical head of state and head of government of Oman. It is the most powerful position in the country. The sultans of Oman are members of the Al Bu Said dynasty, which has been the ruling family of Oman since the mid-18th century. Haitham bin Tariq is the current sultan, reigning since 11 January 2020.
Prior to the establishment of the present-day Sultanate of Oman in 1970, the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman, the Omani Empire, and the Imamate of Oman all ruled the area since 749.
On 12 January 2021, the current Sultan, Haitham bin Tariq officially changed the Basic Law of the State, stipulating the creation of the post for the Crown Prince of Oman and appointed his first son, Theyazin bin Haitham as the apparent successor, making him the first Crown Prince of the Sultanate.