Sugar acid

In organic chemistry, a sugar acid or acidic sugar is a monosaccharide with a carboxyl group at one end or both ends of its chain.

Main classes of sugar acids include:

Aldonic acids, in which the aldehyde group () located at the initial end (position 1) of an aldose is oxidized.
Ulosonic acids, in which the hydroxymethyl group () at the initial end of a 2-ketose is oxidized creating an ÃÂ±-ketoacid.
Uronic acids, in which the group at the terminal end of an aldose or ketose is oxidized.
Aldaric acids, in which both ends ( and ) of an aldose are oxidized.

Examples

Examples of sugar acids include:

Aldonic acids
Glyceric acid (3C)
Xylonic acid (5C)
Gluconic acid (6C)
Ascorbic acid (6C, unsaturated lactone)
Ulosonic acids
Neuraminic acid (5-amino-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid)
Ketodeoxyoctulosonic acid (KDO or 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid)
Uronic acids
Glucuronic acid (6C)
Galacturonic acid (6C)
Iduronic acid (6C)
Aldaric acids
Tartaric acid (4C)
meso-Galactaric acid (Mucic acid) (6C)
D-Glucaric acid (Saccharic acid) (6C)