In mathematics, the Stoneham numbers are a certain class of real numbers, named after mathematician Richard G. Stoneham (1920âÂÂ1996). For coprime numbers b, c > 1, the Stoneham number α<sub>b,c</sub> is defined as
It was shown by Stoneham in 1973 that α<sub>b,c</sub> is b-normal whenever c is an odd prime and b is a primitive root of c<sup>2</sup>. In 2002, Bailey & Crandall showed that coprimality of b, c > 1 is sufficient for b-normality of α<sub>b,c</sub>.