South Wheatland Township is located in Macon County, Illinois, south of Decatur. As of the 2010 census, its population was 4,143 and it contained 1,861 housing units. The South Wheatland Fire Protection District consists of 5 officers; 1 Chief, 1 Asst. Chief, 1 Captain, and 2 Lieutenants, and 14 Firefighters, as well as 3 members on the Board of Trustees.
South Wheatland Township is the location of the Sand Creek Conservation Area, a 755-acre (3 km) natural area and park property of the Macon County Conservation District. According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of , of which (or 98.58%) is land and (or 1.38%) is water.