South Moline Township is located in Rock Island County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 36,399 and it contained 17,140 housing units. South Moline Township formed from Moline Township in March, 1879.
According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of , of which (or 94.34%) is land and (or 5.72%) is water.