Sotero Figueroa Hernández (1851 - October 5, 1923) was a Puerto Rican writer and politician. He became known for his work as a journalist, dramatist, speaker and author of biographical essays. He was also a loyal defender of Puerto Rican and Cuban independence. Figueroa died and was buried in Cuba in 1923.
Figueroa was born in the city of Ponce, Puerto Rico, in 1851 and is believed to have studied at the Rafael Cordero school in San Juan. In his youth, he was apprenticed to the office of the typographer in the capital printing press of the liberal and Puerto Rican abolitionist, José Julián Acosta, a former student of maestro Rafael Cordero.
Before moving to New York, FigueroaâÂÂs first job as a writer in Puerto Rico was in Ramon MarÃÂnâÂÂs print shop, Establicimiento Tipográphico; there he wrote pieces for La Crónica and El Pueblo and acted as editor of these in MarÃÂn's absence. Figueroa began a print shop, after moving to New York in 1889; Imprenta America would serve as the publishing house for revolutionary newspapers such as Jose MartÃÂâÂÂs La Patria and El Porvernir. After the Cuban War of Independence, Figueroa moved to Cuba and often published articles in Cuban newspapers such as El FÃÂgaro, La DiscusÃÂon, and La Gaceta. He died in 1923 and in 1977 his book, La Verdad De La Historia was published in Puerto Rico posthumously.
Months before he left Puerto Rico for the United States, Sotero began writing Ensayo Biográfico (Biographical Essay) in which there were biographical sketches of those âÂÂ...who had most contributed to the progress of Puerto Rico." This work offers a set of laudatory biographies that acknowledge the heroism of several Puerto Rican Creoles. In the Biographical Essays, there are also passages about race, castes, and slavery in Puerto Rico citing laws that make poor black men inferior. As a black man living in Puerto Rico, he often wrote about how unfairly he and his fellow men were treated. This Essay is the best known work of Figueroa.
Figueroa also wrote the zarzuela, "Don Mamerto" in 1886, which was presented at the Teatro La Perla in Ponce, Puerto Rico with music by the Ponce composer, Juan Morel Campos. This work was a scathing satire of those who betray their ideals because of political opportunism, or by being blinded by materialism or social aspirations.
Figueroa emigrated to the city of New York in 1889. Arriving in New York City, he joined the Antillean separatist movement and established a close friendship with the exiled Cuban patriot, José MartÃÂ. There he met several other Puerto Rican patriots involved in the separatist movement, among them Francisco Gonzalo (PachÃÂn) MarÃÂn and Arturo Alfonso Schomburg.
Sotero FigueroaâÂÂs writings were also tied to his political beliefs. Figueroa, Ramón MarÃÂn, and Francisco Gonzalo (PachÃÂn) MarÃÂn together worked to reform politics in Puerto Rico in the late 1800s. Their mission was make equality a reality by expelling the ideals of rank and class and promoting instead a focus on âÂÂindividual meritâÂÂ. They believed that castes that existed were put on the public by Spanish colonial control and limited the Puerto Rican populationâÂÂs growth economically, politically, and physically. At age 22, Figueroa was chosen as an assembly leader under Rafael Primo de Rivera, the new liberal Governor of Puerto Rico.
In 1892, he collaborated in the founding of the Club Borinquen, the first of several Puerto Rican pro-independence organizations affiliated with the Cuban Revolutionary Party (PRC). The PRC was founded by José Martàthat same year to promote the independence of Cuba. Figueroa would later become secretary of the Executive Board of the PRC.