The was a Japanese samurai clan that ruled the northern Hamadà Âri region of southern Mutsu Province in the Tà Âhoku region of northern Japan for over 700 years, from the Kamakura period through the Meiji Restoration of 1868. The Sà Âma claimed descent from the Taira clan via the Chiba clan and took their name from the Chiba clan territories in Sà Âma District of northern Shimà Âsa Province. The clan moved its seat from Shimà Âsa to Mutsu Province in the early Kamakura period, and were confirmed as daimyà  of Sà Âma Nakamura Domain under the Edo-period Tokugawa shogunate.
During the Boshin War of 1868âÂÂ69, the Sà Âma clan fought on the side of the à Âuetsu Reppan Dà Âmei, supporting the Tokugawa regime. After the Meiji Restoration, the head of the Sà Âma clan became part of the kazoku peerage, with Sà Âma Aritane receiving the title of shishaku (Viscount).
Sà Âma Morotsune was the younger son of Chiba Tsunetane, and with his father was a samurai in the service of Minamoto no Yoritomo, founding shogun of Kamakura shogunate. He took his name from the Sà Âma Mikuriya, a shà Âen controlled by Ise Shrine in what is now northwest Chiba Prefecture, which supplied horses to the shrine and the imperial household. He accompanied Yoritomo in the conquest of the Hiraizumi Fujiwara in 1189, and was awarded with estates covering three districts in southern Mutsu: Namekata, Shineha, and Uda.
During the Nanboku-chà  period following the fall of the Kamakura shogunate and successive tumult, the Sà Âma were one of the few clans in Mutsu to remain loyal to the Northern Court.
Although the SÃ Âma were a minor regional power, their territory was sandwiched between the much more powerful Satake clan to the south and the Date clan to the north. The Date under Date Masamune were especially aggressive and expansionist, and despite efforts by the 16th hereditary chieftain SÃ Âma Yoshitane to remain aloof of the conflicts of the Sengoku period, the Date invaded his domain on 30 occasions. Together with the Ashina clan, they suffered an effective defeat following the KÃ Âriyama Campaign in 1588. Both SÃ Âma Yoshitane and Date Masamune submitted to Toyotomi Hideyoshi at the Siege of Odawara.
At the time of the Battle of Sekigahara, the Sà Âma attempted to remain neutral for fear of the powerful Satake clan to the south, which was allied with Ishida Mitsunari through marriage ties. The new Tokugawa shogunate initially decided to seize the Sà Âma territories, but through the intervention of several senior retainers (including their former arch-enemy Data Masamune), the shogunate relented and appointed Sà Âma Toshitane as a tozama daimyà  over a 60,000 koku Sà Âma Nakamura Domain which encompassed their traditional holdings.
Sà Âma Toshitane married an adopted daughter of Shà Âgun Tokugawa Hidetada to further cement his position, and relocated his seat from Odaka Castle to Sà Âma Nakamura Castle, building a castle town designed on a grid-pattern in imitation of Kyoto. He also sponsored the development of Sà Âma ware ceramics, which remains a local specialty to the present day.
The subsequent history of the domain was largely uneventful, and the SÃ Âma clan retained its holdings for the entirety of the Edo period, surviving until the Meiji Restoration.
The official kokudaka of the domain was officially 60,000 koku, but the actual kokudaka was almost 100,000 koku.
During the Boshin War of 1868âÂÂ69, the Sà Âma clan initially attempted to remain neutral as under Sà Âma Toshitane the domain was relatively small and had negligible military forces. However, following the defeat of the Tokugawa forces at the Battle of TobaâÂÂFushimi in February 1868, he was pressured by his more powerful neighbors (including Iwakitaira Domain and Sendai Domain) into joining the à Âuetsu Reppan Dà Âmei. The Satchà  Alliance forces advanced through the Hamadà Âri region and captured Nakamura Castle with only token resistance a few months later. His predecessor, Sà Âma Michitane, formally surrendered to the Meiji government; however, the domain was not punished, and Toshitane was restored as domain governor by the new government until the abolition of the han system in 1871.
In the early years of the Meiji era, the Sà Âma Incident became a major political scandal. On April 14, 1879, the former daimyà  of Nakamura Sà Âma Domain, Sà Âma Toshitane, was placed under house arrest by the government, after family members filed a petition accusing him of mental instability. On December 10, 1885, one of his former retainers, Nishigori Takekiyo, filed a lawsuit accusing these relatives, led by Toshitane's younger brother, Sà Âma Aritane, of having made false charges leading to Toshitane's incarceration, for the purposes of embezzling the monies of the former domain. The Sà Âma clan hired the famous lawyer Hoshi Tà Âru to defend their case, which went on for years, as the legal definition of insanity and the qualifications necessary for a doctor to declare a person mentally incompetent were not yet defined in Japanese jurisprudence. On Toshitane's death in 1892, Nishigori accused the defendants of having murdered him by poison. However, after an autopsy failed to find any evidence, Nishikori was countersued for slander and was sentenced to four years in prison.
Marquis Sà Âma Aritane (1863âÂÂ1919) was the 30th hereditary chieftain of the clan, and acquired a 15,000 tsubo estate in Tokyo to the west of the Konoe family in 1910. His son, Marquis Sà Âma Taketane (1889âÂÂ1936) served in the Imperial Household Ministry and accompanied Prince Yasuhiko Asaka to France, where he became fascinated with golf. His son, Marquis Sà Âma Yasutane (1913âÂÂ1994) was married to a daughter of Ozaki Yukio. he also served in the Imperial Household Agency and was the 8th Chairman of the Japan Racehorse Owners Association. He was largely responsible for reviving the traditional Sà Âma Nomaoi Festival. He also served as mayor of the city of Sà Âma. The current clan head, the 34th hereditary chieftain is Sà Âma Yukitane, the grandson of Sà Âma Yasutane.