Solemyidae is a family of saltwater clams, marine protobranch bivalve mollusks in the order Solemyida.
Biology
Solemyids are remarkable in that their digestive tract is either extremely small or non-existent, and their feeding appendages are too short to reach outside the shell.
It has been shown that these clams host sulphur-oxidizing bacteria intracellularly within their gill filaments. As chemoautotrophs, these bacterial symbionts synthesize organic matter from CO<sub>2</sub> and are the primary source of nutrition for the whole organism. In turn, the animal host provides its symbionts a habitat in which they have access to the substrates of chemoautotrophy (O<sub>2</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, and reduced inorganic compounds such as H<sub>2</sub>S). Together, these partners create "animals" with novel metabolic capabilities.
Genera and species
The family Solemyidae includes two genera and the following species:
- Acharax <small>Dall, 1908</small>
- Acharax alinae <small> Métivier & Cosel, 1993</small>
- Acharax bartschii <small> (Dall, 1908)</small>
- Acharax caribbaea <small> (Vokes, 1970)</small>
- Acharax clarificata <small> Dell, 1995</small>
- Acharax gadirae <small> Oliver, Rodrigues & Cunha, 2011</small>
- Acharax grandis <small> (Verrill & Bush, 1898)</small>
- Acharax japonica <small> (Dunker, 1882)</small>
- Acharax johnsoni <small> (Dall, 1891)</small>
- Acharax patagonica <small> (E. A. Smith, 1885)</small>
- Acharax prashadi <small> (Vokes, 1955)</small>
- Solemya <small>Lamarck, 1818</small>
- Solemya africana <small> Martens, 1880</small>
- Solemya atacama <small> (Kuznetzov & Schileyko, 1984)</small>
- Solemya australis <small> Lamarck, 1818</small>
- Solemya borealis <small> Totten, 1834</small>
- Solemya elarraichensis <small> Oliver, Rodrigues & Cunha, 2011</small>
- Solemya flava <small> Sato, Sasaki & Watanabe, 2013</small>
- Solemya moretonensis <small> Taylor, Glover & Williams, 2008</small>
- Solemya notialis <small> Simone, 2009</small>
- Solemya occidentalis <small> Deshayes, 1857</small>
- Solemya panamensis <small> Dall, 1908</small>
- Solemya parkinsonii <small> E. A. Smith, 1874</small>
- Solemya pervernicosa <small> (Kuroda, 1948)</small>
- Solemya pusilla <small> Gould, 1861</small>
- Solemya tagiri <small> Okutani, Hashimoto & Miura, 2004</small>
- Solemya terraereginae <small> Iredale, 1929</small>
- Solemya togata <small> (Poli, 1791)</small>
- Solemya valvulus <small> Carpenter, 1864</small>
- Solemya velesiana <small> Iredale, 1931</small>
- Solemya velum <small> Say, 1822</small>
- Solemya winckworthi <small> Prashad, 1932</small>
References