Bouteloua is a genus of plants in the grass family Poaceae. Members of the genus are commonly known as grama grass.
Description
Bouteloua includes both annual and perennial grasses, which frequently form stolons. Species have an inflorescence of 1 to 80 racemes or spikes positioned alternately on the culm (stem). The rachis (stem) of the spike is flattened. The spikelets are positioned along one side of the spike. Each spikelet contains one fertile floret, and usually one sterile floret.
Taxonomy
The genus was first described by Mariano Lagasca in 1805. It was named for Claudio and Esteban Boutelou, 19th-century Spanish botanists. David Griffiths produced a 1912 monograph on the genus.
Species
Species of Bouteloua include:
- Bouteloua alamosana <small>Vasey</small> â Mesoamerica
- Bouteloua americana <small>(L.) Scribn.</small> – American grama â southern Mexico, Central America, West Indies, northern South America
- Bouteloua annua <small>Swallen</small> â Baja California Sur, Sonora
- Bouteloua arizonica <small>(M.E.Jones) Cuellar & Columbus</small>
- Bouteloua aristidoides <small>(Kunth) Griseb.</small> – needle grama â United States (California, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico, South America, Aruba
- Bouteloua barbata <small>Lag.</small> – six-weeks grama â United States, Mexico
- Bouteloua bracteata <small>(McVaugh) Columbus</small> â Michoacán
- Bouteloua breviseta <small>Vasey</small> â United States, Mexico
- Bouteloua chasei <small>Swallen</small>
- Bouteloua chondrosioides <small>(Kunth) Benth. ex S.Watson</small> – sprucetop grama â United States (AZ TX); Mesoamerica
- Bouteloua curtipendula <small>(Michx.) Torr.</small> – sideoats grama â widespread in USA, Canada, Mexico
- Bouteloua dactyloides <small>(Nutt.) Columbus</small> – buffalograss â USA, Canada, Mexico
- Bouteloua dimorpha <small>Columbus</small> â Great Plains in USA, Canada, Mexico, Honduras, Cuba, Trinidad
- Bouteloua distans <small>Swallen</small> â Mexico
- Bouteloua disticha <small>(Kunth) Benth.</small> â from southern Mexico to Ecuador; also Cuba, Galápagos
- Bouteloua diversispicula <small>Columbus</small>
- Bouteloua elata <small>Reeder & C.Reeder</small>
- Bouteloua eludens <small>Griffiths</small> â USA (Arizona, New Mexico), Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sonora)
- Bouteloua erecta <small>(Vasey & Hack.) Columbus</small>
- Bouteloua eriopoda <small>(Torr.) Torr.</small> â United States, Mexico
- Bouteloua eriostachya <small>(Swallen) Reeder</small>
- Bouteloua gracilis <small>(Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths</small> – blue grama â Great Plains in USA, Canada, Mexico
- Bouteloua griffithsii <small>Columbus</small>
- Bouteloua herrera-arrietae <small>P.M.Peterson & Romasch.</small>
- Bouteloua hirsuta <small>Lag.</small> â USA (Great Plains, Southwest), Mexico, Guatemala
- Bouteloua johnstonii <small>Swallen</small> â Coahuila
- Bouteloua juncea <small>(Desv. ex Beauv.) A.S.Hitchc.</small> – lamilla â Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico
- Bouteloua karwinskyi <small>(E.Fourn.) Griffiths</small>
- Bouteloua kayi <small>Warnock</small>
- Bouteloua media <small>(E.Fourn.) Gould & Kapadia</small> â from central Mexico to Uruguay
- Bouteloua megapotamica <small>(Spreng.) Kuntze</small> â Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Bolivia
- Bouteloua mexicana <small>(Scribn.) Columbus</small> â Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras
- Bouteloua multifida <small>(Griffiths) Columbus</small> â from Sonora to Oaxaca
- Bouteloua nervata <small>Swallen</small> â Hidalgo, México State
- Bouteloua parryi <small>(E. Fourn.) Griffiths</small> â Parry's Grama, Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, Northern Mexico
- Bouteloua pectinata (Bouteloua hirsuta var. pectinata) â tall grama, eyebrow grass â Texas
- Bouteloua pedicellata <small>Swallen</small> â Puebla, Hidalgo, Guanajuato, Tlaxcala, Nuevo León, Veracruz
- Bouteloua polymorpha <small>(E.Fourn.) Columbus</small> â from Durango to Oaxaca
- Bouteloua purpurea <small>Gould & Kapadia</small> â Guanajuato, D.F., San Luis PotosÃÂ, México State, Hidalgo, Querétaro
- Bouteloua radicosa <small>(E. Fourn.) Griffiths</small> – purple grama â USA (Arizona, New Mexico), Mexico (Chihuahua, Michoacán, Coahuila, Morelos, Puebla, Durango, Zacatecas, Distrito Federal de México, Jalisco, Nuevo León, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Tamaulipas)
- Bouteloua ramosa <small>Scribn. ex Vasey</small>
- Bouteloua reederorum <small>Columbus</small> â Durango, Puebla, Zacatecas, Oaxaca
- Bouteloua reflexa <small>Swallen</small> â Sonora, Sinaloa, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Nayarit
- Bouteloua repens <small>(Kunth) Scribn. & Merr. – slender grama âÂÂ</small> Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Mesoamerica, Colombia, Venezuela, West Indies
- Bouteloua rigidiseta <small>(Steud.) Hitchc.</small> – Texas grama â New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mexico (Aguascalientes, Durango)
- Bouteloua scabra <small>(Kunth) Columbus</small> â from Hidalgo to Honduras
- Bouteloua scorpioides <small>Lag.</small>
- Bouteloua simplex <small>Lag.</small> Much of southwestern and central United States, Central America, western South America
- Bouteloua stolonifera <small>Scribn.</small> â San Luis PotosÃÂ, Aguascalientes, Zacatecas
- Bouteloua swallenii <small>Columbus</small> â from El Salvador to Venezuela
- Bouteloua triaena <small>(Trin. ex Spreng.) Scribn.</small> â from Sinaloa to Guatemala
- Bouteloua trifida <small>Thunb.</small> â Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah, Mexico
- Bouteloua uniflora <small>Vasey</small> – Nealley grama, oneflower grama â Utah, Texas, Coahuila, Zacatecas, Nuevo León, Querétaro, Oaxaca, San Luis PotosÃÂ, Tamaulipas
- Bouteloua vaneedenii <small>Pilg.</small> â Cuba, Leeward Islands, Venezuela
- Bouteloua varia <small>(Swallen) Columbus</small>
- Bouteloua warnockii <small>Gould & Kapadia</small> – Warnock's grama â New Mexico, Texas, Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas
- Bouteloua williamsii <small>Swallen</small> â Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras
Distribution
Bouteloua is found only in the Americas, with most diversity centered in the southwestern United States. It also occurs in the Ciénaga de Zapata Biosphere Reserve of Cuba.
Uses
Many species are important livestock forage, especially Bouteloua gracilis (blue grama).
See also
References
External links