Sironidae

The Sironidae are a family of harvestmen with more than 60 described species.

The family shows a Laurasian distribution, with most species found in temperate Europe and the west coast of North America. The only exception is Suzukielus sauteri from Japan.

Name

Siro is the Latinized form of the French name "Ciron".

Species

Below is from "World Catalog of Opiliones" (as of early 2024, after transfer of Parasiro). See also "List of Cyphophthalmi species"List of Cyphophthalmi species#Boreophthalmi

• Arhesiro <small>Karaman, 2022</small>

* Arhesiro clousi <small>(Giribet & Shear, 2010)</small>USA (Oregon)

* Arhesiro sonoma <small>(Shear, 1980)</small>USA (California)

• Cyphophthalmus <small>Joseph, 1869</small> (mostly Balkan)

* Cyphophthalmus beschkovi <small>(Mitov, 1994)</small> Bulgaria

* Cyphophtalmus bithynicus <small>(Gruber, 1969)</small>Turkey

* Cyphophthalmus conocephalus <small>Karaman, 2009</small>Bosnia and Herzegovina

* Cyphophthalmus corfuanus <small>(Kratochvíl, 1938)</small>Greece

* Cyphophtalmus duricorius <small>Joseph, 1868</small>Austria, Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia, Italy

* Cyphophtalmus eratoae <small>(Juberthie, 1968)</small>Greece

* Cyphophthalmus ere <small>Karaman, 2008</small>Serbia

* Cyphophthalmus gjorgjevici <small>(Hadzi, 1933)</small>North Macedonia

* Cyphophthalmus gordani <small>Karaman, 2009</small>Montenegro

* Cyphophthalmus hlavaci <small>Karaman, 2009</small>Croatia

* Cyphophthalmus klisurae <small>(Hadzi, 1973)</small>Kosovo - cave

* Cyphophthalmus kratochvili <small>Karaman, 2009</small>Croatia

* Cyphophthalmus markoi <small>Karaman, 2008</small>(?) Serbia

* Cyphophthalmus martensi <small>Karaman, 2009</small>Montenegro

* Cyphophthalmus minutus <small>(Kratochvíl, 1938)</small> Montenegro, Croatia- cave

* Cyphophthalmus montenegrinus <small>(Hadzi, 1973)</small>Montenegro

* Cyphophthalmus neretvanus <small>Karaman, 2009</small>Croatia

* Cyphophthalmus noctiphilus <small>(Kratochvíl, 1940)</small>Croatia - cave

* Cyphophthalmus nonveilleri <small>Karaman, 2008</small> Serbia - cave

* Cyphophthalmus ognjenovici <small>Karaman, 2009</small>Bosnia and Herzegovina

* Cyphophthalmus ohridanus <small>(Hadzi, 1973)</small> North Macedonia - cave

* Cyphophthalmus paradoxus <small>(Kratochvíl, 1958)</small>Bulgaria

* Cyphophthalmus paragamiani <small>Karaman, 2009</small>Greece

* Cyphophthalmus rumijae <small>Karaman, 2009</small>Montenegro

* Cyphophthalmus serbicus <small>(Hadzi, 1973)</small> Serbia

* Cyphophthalmus silhavyi <small>(Kratochvíl, 1938)</small> Croatia - cave

* Cyphophthalmus solentiensis <small>Dreszer, Raða & Giribet, 2015</small>Croatia

* Cyphophthalmus teyrovskyi <small>(Kratochvíl, 1938)</small>Croatia - cave

* Cyphophthalmus thracicus <small>Karaman, 2009</small>Bulgaria

* Cyphophthalmus trebinjanus <small>Karaman, 2009</small>Bosnia and Herzegovina

* Cyphophthalmus yalovensis <small>(Gruber, 1969)</small>Turkey

* Cyphophthalmus zetae <small>Karaman, 2009</small>Montenegro

• Holosiro <small>Ewing, 1923</small>

* Holosiro acaroides <small>Ewing, 1923</small>USA (Washington, Oregon, California)

* Holosiro calaveras <small>(Giribet & Shear, 2010)</small>USA (California)

* Holosiro ewingi <small>Karaman, 2022</small>USA (Oregon)

* Holosiro shasta <small>(Giribet & Shear, 2010)</small>USA (California)

• Iberosiro <small>de Bivort & Giribet, 2004</small>

* Iberosiro distylos <small>de Bivort & Giribet, 2004</small>Portugal - cave

* Iberosiro rosae <small>Giribet, Merino-Sáinz & Benavides, 2017</small>Spain

• Neosiro <small>Newell, 1943</small>

* Neosiro boyerae <small>(Giribet & Shear, 2010)</small>USA (Washington, Oregon)

* Neosiro exilis <small>(Hoffman, 1963)</small>USA (Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland)

* Neosiro kamiakensis <small>Newell, 1943</small> USA (Washington, Idaho)

* Neosiro ligiae <small>(Giribet, 2017)</small> USA (Oregon)

* Neosiro martensi <small>Karaman, 2022</small>USA (Oregon)

* Neosiro richarti <small>(Benavides & Giribet, 2017)</small>USA (Idaho)

* [Also †Neosiro balticus <small>(Dunlop & Mitov, 2011)</small> (fossil, Baltic amber)]

• Odontosiro <small>Juberthie, 1961</small>

* Odontosiro lusitanicus <small>Juberthie, 1961</small>Portugal, Spain

• Paramiopsalis <small>Juberthie, 1962</small>

* Paramiopsalis anadonae <small>Giribet, Merino-Sáinz & Benavides, 2017</small>Spain

* Paramiopsalis eduardoi <small>Murienne & Giribet, 2009</small>Spain

* Paramiopsalis ramblae <small>Benavides & Giribet, 2017</small>Spain

* Paramiopsalis ramulosa <small>Juberthie, 1962</small>Spain

• Siro <small>Latreille, 1796</small> (western Europe, North America)

* Siro carpaticus <small>Rafalski, 1956</small>Poland, Slovakia

* Siro crassus <small>Novak & Giribet, 2006</small>Slovenia

* Siro franzi <small>Karaman & Raspotnig, 2022</small>Austria

* Siro ozimeci <small>Karaman, 2022</small>Croatia

* Siro rubens <small>Latreille, 1804</small>France

* Siro valleorum <small>Chemini, 1990</small>Italy

* †Siro platypedibus <small>Dunlop & Giribet, 2003</small> (fossil, Bitterfield amber from Bitterfeld, Germany)

• Suzukielus <small>Juberthie, 1970</small>

* Suzukielus sauteri <small>(Roewer, 1916)</small>Japan

The following genus is no longer included in Sironidae, but also not yet included in any new family:

• Marwe <small>Shear, 1985</small> (Kenya)

* Marwe coarctata <small>Shear, 1985</small>

References

Further reading

• (eds.) (2007). Harvestmen – The Biology of Opiliones. Harvard University Press, USA.

• (2005): The genus Cyphophthalmus (Arachnida, Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) in Europe: A phylogenetic approach to Balkan Peninsula biogeography. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 36(3): 554-567.

• Checklist of the Cyphophthalmi species of the World

External links