was a Japanese frontier settlement and trading post on Cape Crillon at the southernmost point of the island of Sakhalin.
The settlement's original Ainu name was Sirar-anusi (, ).
Shiranushi was an ancient Ainu chashi site before the arrival of Japanese settlers. According to local Ainu legend, a korpokkur village had once existed there.
The Matsumae Domain had been active around Shiranushi since the 17th century. In 1636, Matsumae samurai wintered over at Shiranushi.
In 1751, the samurai founded a fishing village at Shiranushi. In 1790, the Matsumae authorities sent the samurai to establish an observation post on Sakhalin. Takahashi expanded the village of Shiranushi with a blockhouse and an administrative office. The settlement had a small samurai garrison.
In 1808, Mamiya Rinzà  was dispatched by the Tokugawa shogunate to survey Japanese territory on Sakhalin and landed at Shiranushi.
In 1857, the Japanese government headquarters on Sakhalin was moved north to Maoka in response to the encroachment of Nikolay Rudanovsky. Declining in military and commercial significance, Shiranushi later became a ghost town. In the early 20th century, the former site of Shiranushi was occupied by the village of .