The caves of the Serro da Ramalho karst area in the municipality of Serra do Ramalho, a municipality of the same name in southwestern Bahia State, Brazil, have been explored since the early 2000s. The several large cave systems present a great biospeleological potential. Newly discovered species include the first troglobitic Amblypygi recorded for Brazil, Charinus troglobius <small>Baptista & Giupponi, 2003</small>, an eyeless harvestman (Giupponia chagasi <small> Pérez & Kury, 2002</small>), an as yet undescribed genus of spiders (Ochyroceratidae), and a species of catfish (Rhamdia enfurnada <small>Bichuette & Trajano, 2005</small>).