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Scombroidei

Scombroidei or Scombrales is a suborder or infraorder of the order Scombriformes or suborder Scombroidei. The suborder or infraorder includes the tunas, mackerel and snake-mackerels. Regular scombrids are observed to have large heads, eyes, and mouths. In most cases, the second dorsal fin will develop before the development of the first.

The earliest known member is the scombrid Landanichthys from the Selandian of Angola, although potential fossil teeth of Eutrichiurides are slightly older.

Taxonomy

Originally, both Scombroidei and Stromateoidei were placed under the order Perciformes, but both taxa are now lumped together into the order Scombriformes or alternatively ranked as infraorders (Stromateales and Scombrales) under the suborder Scombroidei within the order Syngnathiformes. Most modern taxonomic authorities use the former treatment.

The following taxonomic classification is used by Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes:

  • Suborder Scombroidei
  • Family Pomatomidae <small>Gill</small><small>, 1863</small> (bluefishes)
  • Family Icosteidae <small>Jordan & Gilbert</small><small>, 1880</small> (ragfishes)
  • Family Arripidae <small>Gill</small><small>, 1893</small> (Australian salmons)
  • Family Chiasmodontidae <small>Jordan & Gilbert</small><small>, 1883</small> (swallowers)
  • Family Scombridae <small>Rafinesque</small><small>, 1815</small> (mackerels, tunas and bonitos)
  • Family Caristiidae <small>Gill & Smith</small><small>, 1905</small> (manefishes)
  • Family Bramidae <small>Bonaparte</small><small>, 1831</small> (pomfrets)
  • Superfamily Trichiuroidea
  • Family Scombrolabracidae <small>Fowler</small><small>, 1925</small> (longfin escolar)
  • Family Gempylidae <small>Gill</small><small>, 1862</small> (snake mackerels)
  • Family Trichiuridae <small>Rafinesque</small><small>, 1810</small> (cutlassfishes)

Some authors consider this treatment paraphyletic with respect to Stromateoidei.

Several extinct taxa are also known:

References