Scaphander is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Scaphandridae, the canoe bubbles.
Description
(Described as Meloscaphander) The shell is ovate, convex in its upper part, and tapers below, with a low, slightly exserted spire. The aperture is large but shorter than the shell, and the columella is moderately curved and thick. The surface is sculpted with rows of spiral pits.
(Described as Scaphander (Sabatina) ) In most, if not all, species of this proposed subgenus, the callosity on the body does not form a distinct "fold." Instead, it appears as an amorphous mass, which sometimes may be granular, smooth, or occasionally tubercular in texture. While the typical fossil species seems to have an interiorly produced callus, the recent species differ notably from BellardiâÂÂs fossil. They not only lack the same callus characteristics but also exhibit a globose shell shape rather than the pyriform shape seen in the fossil. For these globose recent species, I propose the name Sabatina, with Scaphander sabatina planeticus <small>Dall, 1908</small> as the type. These species possess an animal capable of fully retracting into the shell, with gastroliths identical to those found in Scaphander lignarius.
Species
Species within the genus Scaphander include:
- Scaphander amygdalus <small>Siegwald & Malaquias, 2024</small>
- Scaphander andamanicus <small>E. A. Smith, 1894</small>
- â Scaphander brevicula <small>Philippi 1887</small>
- Scaphander cancellatus <small>E. von Martens, 1902</small>
- â Scaphander cauveti <small>(de Raincourt, 1885)</small>
- Scaphander ceylanus <small>E. A. Smith, 1904</small> (uncertain)
- Scaphander clavus <small>Dall, 1889</small>
- â Scaphander conicus <small>(Deshayes, 1824)</small>
- Scaphander cornus <small>Siegwald & Malaquias, 2024</small>
- Scaphander darius <small>Marcus & Marcus, 1967</small>
- â Scaphander dertonensis <small>(Sacco, 1896)</small>
- Scaphander dilatatus <small>A. Adams, 1862</small> (nomen dubium)
- â Scaphander elegans <small>(K. Martin, 1879)</small>
- Scaphander elongatus <small>A. Adams, 1862</small> (nomen dubium)
- â Scaphander enysi <small>(Hutton, 1873)</small>
- â Scaphander flemingi <small>Marwick, 1965</small>
- Scaphander gracilis <small>Watson, 1886</small>
- Scaphander grandis <small>(Minichev, 1967)</small>
- â Scaphander hiulcus <small>Laws, 1936</small>
- â Scaphander ickei<small>K. Martin, 1914</small>
- Scaphander illecebrosus <small>Iredale, 1925</small>
- Scaphander imperceptus <small>(Bouchet, 1975)</small>
- Scaphander impunctatus <small>Hickman 1980</small>
- Scaphander interruptus <small>Dall, 1889</small>
- â Scaphander javana <small>Martin 1879</small>
- â Scaphander jugularis <small>(Conrad, 1855)</small>
- â Scaphander komiticus <small>Laws, 1939</small>
- Scaphander laetus <small>Thiele, 1925</small> (taxon inquirendum)
- â Scaphander langdoni <small>Dall, 1896</small> (unassessed)
- Scaphander lignarius <small>(Linnaeus, 1767)</small>
- Scaphander lignarius lignarius <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small> - wood-grained canoe bubble
- â Scaphander malleatus <small>Marwick, 1931</small>
- Scaphander meridionalis <small>Siegwald, Pastorino, Oskars & Malaquias, 2020</small>
- â Scaphander miriamae <small>Dell, 1952</small>
- Scaphander mundus <small>Watson, 1883</small>
- â Scaphander nannus <small>Woodring 1928</small>
- Scaphander nobilis <small>Verrill, 1884</small>
- Scaphander obnubilus <small>Siegwald & Malaquias, 2024</small>
- â Scaphander oligoturritus <small>Sacco 1897</small>
- Scaphander otagoensis <small>Dell, 1956</small>
- â Scaphander parisiensis <small>A. d'Orbigny, 1850</small>
- Scaphander pilsbryi <small>McGinty, 1955</small> (taxon inquirendum)
- Scaphander planeticus <small>Dall, 1908</small>
- â Scaphander polysarcus <small>Cossmann and Pissarro 1913</small>
- Scaphander primus (unassessed)
- Scaphander punctostriatus <small>(Mighels & C. B. Adams, 1842)</small> - giant canoe-bubble
- â Scaphander radii <small>Abbass 1967</small>
- â Scaphander rarus <small>Wade 1926</small>
- â Scaphander remondi <small>Philippi 1887</small>
- â Scaphander reticulatus <small>Pecchioli, 1864</small> (unassessed)
- â Scaphander scapha <small>Laws, 1933</small>
- Scaphander semicallus <small>Siegwald & Malaquias, 2024</small>
- Scaphander sibogae <small>Schepman, 1913</small>
- Scaphander solomonensis <small>Siegwald & Malaquias, 2024</small>
- â Scaphander stewarti <small>Durham 1944</small>
- Scaphander sulcatinus <small>A. Adams, 1862</small> (nomen dubium)
- â Scaphander tarbelliana <small>(Grateloup, 1837)</small>
- â Scaphander tenuis <small>G. F. Harris, 1897</small>
- Scaphander teramachii <small>(Habe, 1954)</small>
- â Scaphander toringa <small>Dell, 1952</small>
- Scaphander tortuosus <small>Siegwald & Malaquias, 2024</small>
- â Scaphander washingtonensis <small>Tegland 1933</small>
- â Scaphander watsoni <small>Dall, 1881</small>
- Scaphander watsoni rehderi
- Scaphander willetti <small>Dall, 1919</small> (taxon inquirendum)
- â Scaphander yonabaruensis <small>MacNeil, 1961</small>
Species brought into synonymy:
- Scaphander alatus <small>Dall, 1895</small>: synonym of Scaphander mundus <small>Watson, 1883</small>
- â Scaphander alaskensis <small>Clark 1932</small>: synonym of â Acila gettysburgensis alaskensis <small>(B. L. Clark, 1932)</small>
- Scaphander attenuatus <small>Schepman, 1913</small>: synonym of Scaphander cancellatus <small>E. von Martens, 1902</small> (junior subjective synonym)
- Scaphander bathymophilus <small>Dall, 1881</small>: synonym of Sabatia bathymophila <small>(Dall, 1881)</small> (superseded combination)
- Scaphander brownii <small>Leach, 1852</small>: synonym of Scaphander lignarius <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
- Scaphander cumingii <small>A. Adams, 1862</small>: synonym of Philine cumingii <small>(A. Adams, 1862)</small> (original combination)
- Scaphander cylindrellus <small>Dall, 1908</small>: synonym of Cylichnium cylindrellum <small>(Dall, 1908)</small> (original combination)
- â Scaphander duseni Stilwell & Zinsmeister, 1992: synonym of â Kaitoa duseni <small>(Stilwell & Zinsmeister, 1992)</small>
- Scaphander fragilis <small>(Habe, 1952)</small>: synonym of Eoscaphander fragilis <small>Habe, 1952</small>
- Scaphander gibbulus <small>Jeffreys, 1856</small>: synonym of Weinkauffia gibbula <small>(Jeffreys, 1856)</small>: synonym of Weinkauffia turgidula <small>(Forbes, 1844)</small> (original combination)
- Scaphander giganteus <small>Risso, 1826</small>: synonym of Scaphander lignarius <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
- Scaphander japonicus <small>Adams, 1862</small>: synonym of Nipponoscaphander japonicus <small>(A. Adams, 1862)</small> (superseded combination, original combination)
- Scaphander librarius <small>Lovén, 1846</small>: synonym of Scaphander punctostriatus <small>(Mighels & C. B. Adams, 1842)</small>
- Scaphander loisae <small>Bullis, 1956</small>: synonym of Scaphander bathymophilus <small>(Dall, 1881)</small>
- Scaphander mulitstriata <small>Brazier, 1877</small>: synonym of Scaphander multistriatus <small>Brazier, 1877</small>: synonym of Scaphander japonicus <small>A. Adams, 1862</small> (incorrect gender of species epithet)
- Scaphander multistriatus <small>Brazier, 1877</small>: synonym of Scaphander japonicus <small>A. Adams, 1862</small>
- Scaphander niveus <small>R. B. Watson, 1883</small>: synonym of Sabatia nivea <small>(R. B. Watson, 1883)</small> (original combination)
- Scaphander pilsbryi <small>McGinty, 1955</small>: synonym of Scaphander darius <small>Marcus & Marcus, 1967</small>
- Scaphander pustulosus <small>Dall, 1895</small>: synonym of Sabatia pustulosa <small>Dall, 1895</small> (original combination)
- Scaphander robustus <small>Okutani, 1966</small>: synonym of Sabatia robusta <small>(Okutani, 1966)</small> (superseded combination)
- Scaphander sibogae <small>(Schepman, 1913)</small>: synonym of Scaphander attenuatus <small>Schepman, 1913</small> (invalid: junior secondary homonym of Scaphander sibogae Schepman, 1913)
- Scaphander stigmatica <small>Dall, 1927</small>: synonym of Scaphander nobilis <small>Verrill, 1884</small>
- Scaphander subglobosa <small>Schepman, 1913</small>: synonym of Scaphander subglobosus <small>Schepman, 1913</small> (original spelling; incorrect gender agreement of specific epithet)
- Scaphander subglobosus <small>Schepman, 1913</small>: synonym of Scaphander cancellatus <small>E. von Martens, 1902</small>
- Scaphander takedai <small>(Habe, 1981)</small>: synonym of Sabatia takedai <small>(Habe, 1981)</small> (superseded combination)
- Scaphander targionius <small>Risso, 1826</small>: synonym of Scaphander lignarius <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
- Scaphander vicinus <small>E. A. Smith, 1906</small>: synonym of Scaphander mundus <small>R. B. Watson, 1883</small> (junior subjective synonym)
References
External links
- Miocene Gastropods and Biostratigraphy of the Kern River Area, California; United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 642
- Serge GOFAS, ÃÂngel A. LUQUE, Joan Daniel OLIVER, José TEMPLADO & Alberto SERRA (2021) - The Mollusca of Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic Ocean); European Journal of Taxonomy 785: 1âÂÂ114
- Siegwald, J., Oskars, T. R., Kano, Y. & Malaquias, M. A. E. (2022). A global phylogeny of the deep-sea gastropod family Scaphandridae (Heterobranchia: Cephalaspidea): Redefinition and generic classification. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 169: 107415