The scaldfishes comprise a genus, Arnoglossus, of lefteye flounders. They are found in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans, including the Mediterranean and Black Sea. They are entirely absent from most of the Americas; the only exceptions are A. coeruleosticta and A. multirastris found off Chile. The genus include both species found in shallow and deeper water. The largest species reaches .
Species
The 37 currently recognized species are:
- Arnoglossus andrewsi <small>Kurth, 1954</small>
- Arnoglossus arabicus <small>Norman, 1939</small> (Arabian flounder)
- Arnoglossus armstrongi <small>E. O. G. Scott, 1975</small>
- Arnoglossus aspilos <small>(Bleeker, 1851)</small> (spotless lefteye flounder)
- Arnoglossus bassensis <small>Norman, 1926</small> (Bass Strait flounder)
- Arnoglossus boops <small>(Hector, 1875)</small>
- Arnoglossus brunneus <small>(Fowler, 1934)</small> (brown lefteye flounder)
- Arnoglossus capensis <small>Boulenger, 1898</small> (Cape scaldfish)
- Arnoglossus coeruleosticta <small>(Steindachner, 1898)</small>
- Arnoglossus dalgleishi <small>(von Bonde, 1922)</small> (east coast flounder)
- Arnoglossus debilis <small>(C. H. Gilbert, 1905)</small> (weak lefteye flounder)
- Arnoglossus elongatus <small>M. C. W. Weber, 1913</small> (long lefteye flounder)
- Arnoglossus fisoni <small>J. D. Ogilby, 1898</small> (Fison's lefteye flounder)
- Arnoglossus grohmanni <small>(Bonaparte, 1837)</small>
- Arnoglossus imperialis <small>(Rafinesque, 1810)</small> (imperial scaldfish)
- Arnoglossus japonicus <small>C. L. Hubbs, 1915</small> (Japanese lefteye flounder)
- Arnoglossus kessleri <small>P. J. Schmidt, 1915</small> (scaldback)
- Arnoglossus kotthausi <small>Klausewitz & Schneider, 1986</small>
- Arnoglossus laterna <small>(Walbaum, 1792)</small> (Mediterranean scaldfish)
- Arnoglossus macrolophus <small>Alcock, 1889</small> (large-crested lefteye flounder)
- Arnoglossus marisrubri <small>Klausewitz & M. Schneider, 1986</small>
- Arnoglossus micrommatus <small>Amaoka, M. Arai & M. F. Gomon, 1997</small>
- Arnoglossus muelleri <small>(Klunzinger, 1872)</small> (Müller's flounder)
- Arnoglossus multirastris <small>Parin, 1983</small>
- Arnoglossus nigrifrons <small>Amaoka & Mihara, 2000</small>
- Arnoglossus nigrofilamentosus <small>Fricke, Golani & Appelbaum-Golani, 2017</small> (Filamentous flounder)
- Arnoglossus oxyrhynchus <small>Amaoka, 1969</small> (sharp-snout lefteye flounder)
- Arnoglossus polyspilus <small>(Günther, 1880)</small> (many-spotted lefteye flounder)
- Arnoglossus rueppelii <small>(Cocco, 1844)</small> (Rüppell's scaldback)
- Arnoglossus sayaensis <small>Amaoka & Imamura, 1990</small>
- Arnoglossus scapha <small>(J. R. Forster, 1801)</small>
- Arnoglossus septemventralis <small>Amaoka & Mihara, 2000</small>
- Arnoglossus tapeinosoma <small>(Bleeker, 1865)</small> (drab flounder)
- Arnoglossus tenuis <small>Günther, 1880</small> (dwarf lefteye flounder)
- Arnoglossus thori <small>Kyle, 1913</small> (Thor's scaldfish)
- Arnoglossus waitei <small>Norman, 1926</small> (Waite's lefteye flounder)
- Arnoglossus yamanakai <small>Fukui, Yamada & Ozawa, 1988</small>
The following fossil species are also known:
- â Arnoglossus bassanianus <small>(Kramberger, 1883)</small> (Middle Miocene of Croatia and Kazakhstan)
- â Arnoglossus dispar <small>Schwarzhans et al., 2024</small> (middle Miocene of Ukraine) [<nowiki/>otolith]
- â Arnoglossus distinctus <small>Svichenskaya, 1981</small> (early Miocene of North Caucasus, Russia)
- â Arnoglossus holleri <small>Weinfurter, 1952</small> (early to middle Miocene of Europe) [otolith]
- â Arnoglossus ovalis <small>Svichenskaya, 1981</small> (early Miocene of North Caucasus, Russia)
- â Arnoglossus sauvagei <small>(Capellini, 1878)</small> (=â Citharichthys oranensis <small>Arambourg, 1927</small>) (Late Miocene of Italy and Algeria)
- â Arnoglossus sumgaiticus <small>Svichenskaya, 1981</small> (early Miocene of North Caucasus, Russia)
References