Salamander () is a 1928 Soviet-German silent biopic film directed by Grigori Roshal and starring Bernhard Goetzke, Natalya Rozenel and Nikolay Khmelyov. It is also notable as the first film credit of Aleksandr Shelenkov, specifically as an assistant cameraman - he went on to be a noted Soviet cinematographer.
The film is based on real events and reveals the tragic episodes from the life of the Austrian biologist Paul Kammerer (1880-1926), who died of suicide after being attacked by regressive scientists and Catholic reactionaries, and accused of faking his evidence.
The film is set in Leipzig, Germany, which is ruled by clergy and aristocracy, at a time when fascism is starting to emerge, and the working class is forced to live in poverty. Professor Zange is employed here and he is one of the few who sympathizes with the poor. The scientist uses salamanders for his experiments and learns that their inheritance is dependent on external factors. As he makes this discovery he becomes a menace to the existing political system and the clergy conspires with the aristocracy to get rid of him by framing him for having fabricated evidence. Unlike Kammerer, Zange has a happy ending: he meets a former student who convinces him to come to Moscow, and they ride off together in a train bearing a streamer that reads, "To the land of liberty."