The was an 1874 uprising in Kyà «shà « against the new Meiji government of Japan. It was led by Età  Shinpei and Shima Yoshitake in their native domain of Hizen.
Following the 1868 Meiji Restoration, many members of the former samurai class were disgruntled with the direction the nation had taken. The abolition of their former privileged social status under the feudal order had also eliminated their income, and the establishment of universal military conscription had eliminated much of their reason for existence. The very rapid modernization (Westernization) of the country was resulting in massive changes to Japanese culture, language, dress and society, and appeared to many samurai to be a betrayal of the jà Âi (âÂÂExpel the BarbarianâÂÂ) portion of the Sonnà  jà Âi justification used to overthrow the former Tokugawa shogunate.
Hizen Province, with a large samurai population, was a center of unrest against the new government. Older samurai formed political groups rejecting both overseas expansionism and westernization, and calling for a return to the old feudal order. Younger samurai organized the group Seikantà  political party, advocating militarism and the invasion of Korea.
Età  Shinpei, former Justice Minister and sangi (Councilor) in the early Meiji government resigned his posts in 1873 to protest the government's refusal to launch a military expedition against Korea (Seikanron). Età  then assisted Itagaki Taisuke in organizing the Aikoku Kà Âtà  political party, and in composing the Tosa Memorial, a sharp criticism of the government. In January 1874, frustrated by the government's rejection of his efforts, he returned to his native Saga where both the traditionists and the Seikantà  samurai rallied to his support.
Alarmed by growing rumors of unrest, Home Minister à Âkubo Toshimichi dispatched his henchman Iwamura Takatoshi to Saga to restore order. Iwamura only made the situation worse with his overbearing attitude. On the ship to Saga, he made an enemy of Shima Yoshitake, the former governor of Akita Prefecture, who was traveling to Saga at the request of Sanjà  Sanetomi. Iwamura so outraged Shima that Shima decided to throw his lot in with Età  and his rebels.
Età  decided to take action on 16 February 1874, by raiding a bank and occupying government offices within the grounds of the old Saga castle. Età  had expected that similarly disaffected samurai in Satsuma and Tosa would stage insurrections when they received word of his actions, but he had miscalculated badly, and both domains remained calm.
On February 19, à Âkubo set up his headquarters in Hakata and issued a proclamation condemning the Saga rebels as traitors. Government troops marched into Saga the following day. After losing a battle on the border of Saga and Fukuoka on February 22, Età  decided that further resistance would only result in needless deaths, and disbanded his army.
Età  told his followers that he intended to escape to Kagoshima to obtain help from Saigà  Takamori and his Satsuma samurai. If Saigà  refused, he intended to go to Tosa, and if Tosa likewise refused, he would make his way to Tokyo to commit seppuku.
Although the Saga rebels were greatly demoralized by Età Â's flight, they continued to fight on, with some of the most violent combat occurring in the streets of Saga on February 27. Shima, who announced his decision to die fighting at Saga castle, fled that night for Kagoshima with his staff. Government forces seized Saga Castle on March 1 without further bloodshed.
Arrest warrants were circulated for Età  and Shima, and it is ironic that Età  was on the run as a fugitive from the very police force which he had helped create. Età  was refused support in Kagoshima, and fled to Tosa in a fishing boat, where he was received coldly. While attempting to find a boat to take him to Tokyo, he was apprehended on March 28.
Sympathy for Età  was high, with Sanjo Sanetomi writing to à Âkubo to remind him that Età Â's motives were not evil, and with Kido Takayoshi likewise writing to suggest that Età  be employed in the upcoming Taiwan Expedition of 1874. However, à Âkubo was adamant that an example be set, and Età  and Shima were tried by a military tribunal on April 12, and executed the next day along with eleven other leaders of the revolt. Età  was beheaded at à Âkubo's orders, and his severed head placed on public display â considered a demeaning punishment for someone of samurai class. Photographs were taken and were sold in Tokyo; however, the Tokyo government later banned their sale and ordered people who had purchased the photographs to return them. à Âkubo, however, refused to comply and hung a copy of the photograph in the reception room of the Home Ministry.
Although the samurai uprising in Saga had been suppressed by military force, the issues which led to the uprising remained unresolved. Kyà «shà « continued to be a hotbed of unrest against the central government through the 1870s, culminating with the Satsuma Rebellion.