At least seven ships of the Imperial Russian and Soviet Navies have been named Poltava after the Russian victory in the Battle of Poltava:
- - 52-gun ship of the line
- - 66-gun ship of the line
- - 66-gun ship of the line
- - 110-gun ship of the line
- - 84-gun ship of the line
- - pre-dreadnought battleship captured by the Japanese during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904âÂÂ05, sold back to the Russians during World War I, renamed Chesma as there was a new Poltava in the Russian Navy, and ultimately scrapped by the Soviets in 1924
- - that participated in World War I and World War II before being scrapped in 1949