Russia competed at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics, in Buenos Aires, Argentina from 6 to 18 October 2018. A total of 93 athletes competed in 24 sports. There were no Russian athletes in badminton, canoeing, equestrian, field hockey, golf, roller speed skating, rowing, rugby sevens and weightlifting.
The Olympic banner was passed to Kliment Kolesnikov by Stanislav Pozdnyakov, president of the Russian Olympic Committee. The flagbearer in the closing ceremony was Sergei Chernyshev, the first Olympic breakdance gold medalist.
Already on Day 10, Russia topped the medal table of the Youth Olympics, with 25 gold, 15 silver and 12 bronze medals collecting. On the next day they collected three more gold medals and one more silver medal, breaking their previous Olympics' record by number of gold medals. Also on the last day, Russia broke another record by total medals, winning overall 59 medals, two more than in the previous Olympics.
Medals awarded to participants of mixed-NOC teams are represented in italics. These medals are not counted towards the individual NOC medal tally.
|width="30%" align=left valign=top|
The following is the list of number of competitors that could participate at the Games per sport/discipline.
Russia qualified two archers based on its performance at the 2017 World Archery Youth Championships.
Russia qualified a boys' team based on the U18 3x3 National Federation Ranking.
Russia qualified a boys' and girls' team based on their performance at 2017-18 European Youth Continental Cup Final.
Russia qualified a boys' and girls' combined team based on its ranking in the Youth Olympic Games Junior Nation Rankings. They also qualified a mixed BMX racing team based on its ranking in the Youth Olympic Games BMX Junior Nation Rankings and two athletes in BMX freestyle based on its performance at the 2018 Urban Cycling World Championship.
Russia qualified two dancers based on its performance at the 2018 World Youth Breaking Championship.
Russia qualified three athletes based on its performance at the 2018 Cadet World Championship.
Head coach: Sergei Skorovich
Russia qualified a mixed pair based on its performance at the 2018 Acrobatic Gymnastics World Championship.
Russia qualified two gymnasts based on its performance at the 2018 European Junior Championship.
Russia qualified one rhythmic gymnast based on its performance at the European qualification event.
Russia qualified one gymnast based on its performance at the 2018 European Junior Championship.
Russia qualified two athletes based on its performance at one of the Karate Qualification Tournaments.
Russia qualified one pentathlete based on its performance at the European Youth Olympic Games Qualifier.
Russia qualified female boat based on its performance at the 2017 Techno 293+ World Championship. They later qualified a male boat based on its performance at the Techno 293+ European Qualifier.
Russia qualified two sport shooters based on its performance at the 2017 European Championships. Russia later qualified a female rifle sport shooter based on its performance at the 2018 European Championships.
Russia qualified three sport climbers based on its performance at the 2017 World Youth Sport Climbing Championships.
Russia qualified two table tennis players based on its performance at the European Continental Qualifier.
Russia qualified one athlete based on its performance at the 2018 European Youth Olympic Games Qualifier.