Romuald Tadeusz Giedroyà(; ; 7 February 1750 â 15 October 1824) was a Polish-Lithuanian prince from the princely Giedroyàfamily, who fought in the Bar Confederation, War of 1792 and the Uprising of 1794 as part of the Grand Ducal Lithuanian Army. From mid-1812 to early 1813, Giedroyàwas also the commander of the Polish-Lithuanian regiments raised during the French invasion of Russia. In early 1813, he was captured by the Russians and exiled to Arkhangelsk. In 1815, Alexander I of Russia amnestied Giedroyàand made him a Lieutenant general of the Army of Congress Poland.
He came from a Lithuanian princely family. His father was Józef GiedroyÃÂ, starosta of , his mother was Józefa Kieà Âpsz. He was born on 7 February 1750 in .
From 1765, he was in the Corps of Cadets in Warsaw. Giedroyàbegan his military career in 1765 as a cadet in the 2nd Foot Regiment of the Grand Ducal Lithuanian Army, part of the Polish-Lithuanian military forces. The regiment in which he served followed Casimir Pulaski. In it, Giedroyàreached the rank of major. In 1771, he served in the unit led by Michaà  Kazimierz Ogià Âski. At the battle of Stoà Âowicze in 1771, Giedraitis was distinguished by his valour and was wounded eight times.
After a long recovery he became vice-commander of the 1st Lithuanian National Cavalry Brigade in 1778. In 1784 he was delegate to the Grodno Sejm.
Giedroyàfought in the War of 1792, during it he was elevated to the rank of major general. When Stanisà Âaw August Poniatowski signed the Targowica Confederation, Giedroyàwrote a letter to the king demanding to be released from military service.
In 1794, he was one of the organizers of the Koà Âciuszko Uprising in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. On April 16 in à  iauliai, together with Antoni Prozor, and Franciszek Niesioà Âowski, announced the first act of uprising in Lithuania. On April 18, Giedryoàwith 200 cavalrymen advanced to , where he fought against Kossakowski's regiment which supported the Russians. From April 24, he was a member of the . On April 30 he arrived to Vilnius.
From June to August, he commanded the Samogitian Division's right wing. Together with Tomasz Wawrzecki, they took over LiepÃÂja. In July, Giedroyàtook over Salistrovski's command of a corps, and on July 3, fought with the Imperial Russian Army near Puà ¡alotas. A week later, on July 10, the Russians attacked him once more. After a fortnight and a few more days, on July 28, Giedraitis won a battle near Vaià ¡kai. On July 29, he won the Battle of SaloÃÂiai 1794. In the battle, he dealt a heavy defeat to the stronger Russian unit of Lieutenant General . Thanks to this victory, southern Courland came under the control of the insurrectionary forces. Tadeusz Koà Âciuszko promoted him to the rank of Lieutenant general. Moreover, Koà Âciuszko gave Giedroyàthe permission to raise a regiment named Saà Âaty. Following the victorious fight on July 29, he went towards Johaniszkiele.
On 8 September 1794, he took over the command of the Lithuanian army in the Koà Âciuszko Uprising from Antoni Chlewià Âski. At the time, he marched to Orany. From there, he retreated towards the Kingdom of Poland. On November 3, near Stara Wieà Â, he joined Jan Henryk Dàbrowski. At the time, Romuald Giedroyàhad 2,000 infantrymen, 700 cavalrymen and 17 cannons under his command. On November 4, already after the battle of Praga, he was recalled to Warsaw. However, on November 5, he stopped near Tarczyn, and received Wawrzecki on November 10, who was retreating from Warsaw. After his soldiers began dispersing, Giedroyàand others surrendered to the Russians at Radoszyce, being the last of the rebels to surrender.
After the uprising's defeat, he emigrated to Paris. He went there together with Tadeusz Mostowski, both being part of the , a committee that sought the support of the French government. In Paris, GiedroyÃÂ became acquainted with Josephine Beauharnais. Quickly thereafter, he came back to Lithuania. In February 1796, he was sent by the committee to Lithuania in order to encourage the insurrectionary spirit. He first stopped in Dresden, but, seeing no way of being useful to the cause of independence, he retired to his lands, where he lived until 1812. Nevertheless, In 1797, he was involved in the Ciecierski conspiracy. In fact, he was a founder of a secret patriotic organization in Lithuania in 1797.
During the French invasion of Russia in 1812, the day after Napoleon entered Vilnius, on 29 June 1812, an act of renewal of the Polish-Lithuanian Union was proclaimed at Vilnius Cathedral on the initiative of university students. In the following days, this act was signed by several thousand people, and the signatures were collected at the home of Romuald GiedroyÃÂ. Later he was made Chairman of the Military Committee of the Lithuanian Provisional Governing Commission. He was also the Inspector General of the Lithuanian regiments and Pospolite ruszenie formed for Napoleon's army.
On 31 August 1812, General Van Hogendorp appointed him commander of the emerging Lithuanian military units.
During Napoleon's retreat, Giedroyàcrossed the Nemunas and the Vistula. On 12âÂÂ13 February 1813, the Lithuanian cavalry division, which included the 17th Lithuanian Uhlan Regiment, led by him was surprised and defeated by a Russian vanguard of Cossacks under General Chernyshev near Sieraków. He was wounded during his capture. He was captured by the Russians and imprisoned in Arkhangelsk until 1815. He was amnestied by Alexander I of Russia.
He was part of the Army of Congress Poland with the rank of the Imperial Russian Divisional General. He was a member of the military committee charged with the army's organisation.
Romuald GiedroyÃÂ married Karolina Anna Borzymowska (1766-1858), their children were:
On 30 April 2004, the General Romualdas Giedraitis Artillery Battalion of the Lithuanian Armed Forces was given the name of General Romuald GiedroyÃÂ.