Romania is one of the world's largest wine producers and sixth-largest among European wine-producing countries, after Italy, France, Spain, Germany and Portugal. It produced more wine than New Zealand and Austria but is lesser-known on the world wine stage. In 2021 it produced around 4.5 million hectolitres of wine. In recent years, Romania has attracted many European business people and wine buyers, due to the affordable prices of both vineyards and wines compared to other wine-producing nations such as France, Germany, and Italy.
Romania's most cultivated grape varieties are for white wines FeteascàAlbÃÂ, FeteascàRegalÃÂ, Riesling, Aligoté, Sauvignon, Muscat, Pinot Gris, Chardonnay, TÃÂmâioasàRomâneascÃÂ, Grasàde Cotnari, Galbenàde OdobeÃÂti. Also, the main grape varieties for red wines are Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, BÃÂbeascàNeagrÃÂ, FeteascàNeagrÃÂ, Pinot Noir.
Romania has one of the oldest wine-making traditions in the world and its viticulture dates back more than 6,000 years. Due to suitable climate, relief and soils, viticulture became a current activity of the local inhabitants mainly in the hilly areas. Numerous local wine grape varieties have been obtained during medieval time by empirical selection, becoming representatives for Romanian wine regions. Up to the phylloxera crisis, each Romanian wine region had its own wine grape assortment, that generated specific local wines. Since the medieval period, wine has been the traditional alcoholic beverage of the Romanians.
In the 1880s phylloxera (a pale yellow sap-sucking insect that attacks the roots of vines) was introduced accidentally also in Romania (1872, Chitorani, Dealul Mare wine-growing region), and over a period of several years destroyed the local viticulture. Restoration of the Romanian viticulture lasted until the beginning of the 20th century, and was done mainly by planting French wine grape varieties such as Merlot, Chardonnay, Pinot noir, Sauvignon, Cabernet Sauvignon etc. Besides these, phylloxera-resistant grape hybrids were also planted. Several traditional Romanian wine grapes did survive the phylloxera crisis, and are still cultivated in Romania in the 21st Century.
Romania has about 187,000 hectares of vine plantations; that ranks it on sixth place between the European wine-producing countries. With a wine production of about 4.5 million hl/year, Romania is the thirteenth largest wine-producing country in the world.
Main wine regions of Romania are:
The Transylvanian Plateau region (PodiÃÂul Transilvaniei)
The Moldavian Hills region (Dealurile Moldovei)
The Munteniei & Olteniei Hills region (Dealurile Munteniei ÃÂi Olteniei)
The Banat Hills region (Dealurile Banatului)
The CriÃÂana Hills region (Dealurile CriÃÂanei) and the MaramureÃÂ region (MaramureÃÂului)
The Dobruja Hills region (Colinele Dobrogei)
The Danube Terraces region (Terasele DunÃÂrii)
Additional favorable sandy regions in central-southern Romania (Regiunea nisipurilor ÃÂi altor terenuri favorabile din sudul ÃÂÃÂrii)
The wine grape assortments of Romanian wine-growing regions encompasses many varieties for white, red and aromatic wines. Each wine-growing region has its own traditional grape varieties: Zghihara de Husi and Busuioaca de Bohotin for the HuÃÂi wine-growing region; Feteascàneagràfor the IaÃÂi wine-growing region; Grasa de Cotnari and FrâncuÃÂa for the Cotnari wine-growing region; CrâmpoÃÂie for the DrÃÂgÃÂÃÂani wine-growing region; BÃÂbeasca Neagràfor the NicoreÃÂti wine-growing region; IordanàÃÂi Ardeleancàfor the Târnave wine-growing region; or Mustoasàde MÃÂderat for the Miniàwine-growing region.
Each wine-growing region additionally cultivates international wine grape varieties, mainly: Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Riesling italico, Pinot gris and Traminer for white wines; and Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Pinot noir for red wines. All these local and international varieties form the basis of many wines, presented mainly under the name of the wine grape variety (e.g. Sauvignon, Feteasca albÃÂ, TÃÂmâioasàromâneascÃÂ) and less commonly under the name of producer (e.g. DAVINO, ALIRA, LACERTA) or under a marketing name (e.g. Serafim, Bon Viveur, Gramma, René Faure etc.).
The most known Romanian wine grape varieties for white wines are FeteascàalbÃÂ, CrâmpoÃÂie and FeteascàregalÃÂ. Feteasca albàand Feteascàregalàproduce dry or semi-dry wines, with rich floral aromas. They have a moderate alcohol content (11.5 to 12%) and moderate acidity. CrâmpoÃÂia is known for producing fresh and fruity wines, with moderate alcohol content and pronounced acidity.
The most known Romanian wine grape variety for red wines is FeteascàneagrÃÂ, originating in the Uricani, IaÃÂi wine region. It produces â³dry, demi-dry or sweet wines, with an alcohol content of 12-14%, a deep red colour with ruby shades, and a black currant flavour, which becomes richer and smoother with ageingâ³.
Among the Romanian aromatic wine grape varieties, the most appreciated and cultivated are TÃÂmâioasàRomâneascàand Busuioacàde Bohotin.