Robert S. Olson (born December 1, 1969) is an American politician who served as a Republican member of the Kansas Senate, representing the 23rd district from 2011 to 2025. He was previously a Representative in the Kansas House of Representatives, representing the 26th district from 2005 to 2011, having served as the Majority Whip. Olson was appointed to the Kansas Senate following Karin Brownlee's nomination to serve as Kansas Secretary of Labor. On February 13, 2023, Olson announced he would not seek reelection to his Senate seat.