Pyrrhulina maxima is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lebiasinidae, which includes the pencilfishes, splash tetras and related fishes. This fish is found in South America in the upper Amazon River.
This species reaches a length of .
The fish's name is Latin for "large" or "great", referring to a larger size compared with the "closely related" P. brevis and P. (Copella) nattereri.