In mathematics, a pseudo-monotone operator from a reflexive Banach space into its continuous dual space is one that is, in some sense, almost as well-behaved as a monotone operator. Many problems in the calculus of variations can be expressed using operators that are pseudo-monotone, and pseudo-monotonicity in turn implies the existence of solutions to these problems.
Let (X, || ||) be a reflexive Banach space. A map T : X → X<sup>∗</sup> from X into its continuous dual space X<sup>∗</sup> is said to be pseudo-monotone if T is a bounded operator (not necessarily continuous) and if whenever
(i.e. u<sub>j</sub> converges weakly to u) and
it follows that, for all v ∈ X,
Using a very similar proof to that of the BrowderâÂÂMinty theorem, one can show the following:
Let (X, || ||) be a real, reflexive Banach space and suppose that T : X → X<sup>∗</sup> is bounded, coercive and pseudo-monotone. Then, for each continuous linear functional g ∈ X<sup>∗</sup>, there exists a solution u ∈ X of the equation T(u) = g.