The Provisional Regional Government of the Urals () was an anti-Bolshevik provisional government, created in Yekaterinburg on August 19, 1918, which controlled the Perm Governorate, parts of the Vyatka, Ufa, and Orenburg Governorates. It was abolished in October 1918.
In 1918, a struggle was fought between the Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly and the Provisional Siberian Government for control of the Urals. As a buffer zone between them, to establish stable real power, after the occupation of Yekaterinburg by Czechoslovaks by a commission representing members of various parties, at a meeting on August 19, 1918, in Yekaterinburg, the Provisional Regional Government of the Urals was created. The Provisional Regional Government of the Urals was supposed to operate until the convocation of the Ural Regional Duma or the All-Russian Constituent Assembly.
On October 26, 1918, the Provisional Ural Government decided to resign and transfer all power in the Urals to the Provisional All-Russian Government ("Omsk Directory"), which on November 10 accepted the resignation of the Provisional Regional Government of the Urals.
The main organs of government were the Council of the Provisional Regional Government of the Urals and 8 main departments, among which there were no such main departments as, for example, the military, communications, and foreign affairs. These issues were decided by other chief managers (for example, external relations, including with other white governments in Russia on the formation of all-Russian authorities, were assigned to the competence of the Comrade Chairman of the Provisional Regional Government of the Urals, Lev Krol, and his direct duties as chief financial officer were performed by his Comrade Menshevik Vsevolod Vsevolozhsky). As part of the government, the institution of special commissioners functioned to convey the principles of its policy to the population of the Urals.
The declaration of the Provisional Ural Government of August 27, 1918, declared a program containing, inter alia, the following main provisions:
In a number of modern studies, the actions undertaken by the Provisional Government of the Urals in extremely difficult conditions with an almost complete lack of necessary resources and the most difficult internal political situation are rated very highly. So, according to Pavel Kostogryzov, the socio-economic policy of the Ural government, which can be described as a policy of conscious and consistent class compromise, "...was quite reasonable and helped normalize the economic life of the region". He sees the main merit of the government in that "...the economic situation of the Urals was more stable and better than the territories controlled by the Reds".
However, towards the end of its existence, the Provisional Regional Government of the Urals began to move away from democratic ideas in its policy.
During its existence, the Ural government, among other things, also paid 254,000 rubles for the maintenance of the "white" police and issued 81 legislative acts. The most famous of them:
The implementation of some provisions of the program, especially in the social sphere, was extremely difficult due to lack of funding, so the Provisional Regional Government of the Urals was forced to seek help from the Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly and the Siberian Government, which actively used these requests as an excuse to intervene in the region. The government did not have its own military units, so it was not able to withstand the pressure on it from the military authorities and entrepreneurs supporting the policies of the Provisional Siberian Government. The Provisional Regional Government of the Urals saw a way out of this situation in the formation of a single centralized power in Russia.