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List of Quercus species

The genus Quercus contains about 500 known species, plus about 180 hybrids between them. The genus, as is the case with many large genera, is divided into subgenera and sections. Traditionally, the genus Quercus was divided into the two subgenera Cyclobalanopsis, the ring-cupped oaks, and Quercus, which included all the other sections. However, a comprehensive revision in 2017 identified different relationships. Now the genus is commonly divided into a subgenus Quercus and a subgenus Cerris, with Cyclobalanopsis included in the latter. The sections of subgenus Quercus are mostly native to the New World, with the notable exception of the white oaks of sect. Quercus and the endemic Quercus pontica. In contrast, the sections of the subgenus Cerris are exclusively native to the Old World.

Unless otherwise indicated, the lists which follow contain all the species accepted by Plants of the World Online , plus selected hybrids that are also accepted, with placement into sections based on a list produced by Denk et al. for their 2017 classification of the genus.

Legend

Species with evergreen foliage ("live oaks") are tagged '#'. Species in the genus have been recategorized between deciduous and evergreen on numerous occasions, although this does not necessarily mean that species in the two groups are closely related.

Subgenus Quercus

Section Quercus

Section Mesobalanus was included in section Quercus in the 2017 classification used here. Other synonyms include Q. sect. Albae and Q. sect. Macrocarpae. The section comprises the white oaks from Europe, Asia, north Africa, Central and North America. Styles short; acorns mature in 6 months, sweet or slightly bitter, inside of acorn shell hairless.

Section Ponticae

Species are native to Western Asia and Western North America. They produce catkins up to 10cm long; the acorns mature annually.

Section Protobalanus

The intermediate oaks. Southwest USA and northwest Mexico. Styles short, acorns mature in 18 months, very bitter, inside of acorn shell woolly.

Section Lobatae

The red oaks (synonym sect. Erythrobalanus), native to North, Central and South America. Styles long, acorns mature in 18 months (in most species), very bitter, inside of acorn shell woolly.

Section Virentes

Section Virentes has also been treated at lower ranks. Species are native south-eastern Northern America, Mexico, the West Indies (Cuba), and Central America. A 2017 classification included seven species:

  • Quercus brandegeei <small>Goldman</small> – Brandegee oak- Baja California Sur
  • Quercus fusiformis <small>Small</small> – Texas live oak or plateau live oak – # south central North America
  • Quercus geminata <small>Small</small> – sand live oak – # southeastern United States
  • Quercus minima <small>(Sarg.) Small</small> – dwarf live oak – # southeastern North America
  • Quercus oleoides <small>Schltdl. & Cham.</small> – # from Costa Rica into Mexico
  • Quercus sagraeana (also spelt Q. sagrana) – Cuban oak – # western Cuba
  • Quercus virginiana <small>Mill.</small> – southern live oak – # southeastern North America

Subgenus Cerris

Section Cerris

Species are native to Europe, north Africa and Asia. Styles long; acorns mature in 18 months, very bitter, inside of acorn shell hairless or slightly hairy.

  • Quercus acutissima <small>Carruth.</small> – sawtooth oak – # China (including Tibet), Korea, Japan, Indochina, the Himalayas (Nepal, Bhutan, northeastern India).
  • Quercus afares <small>Pomel</small> – African oak – North Africa
  • Quercus brantii <small>Lindl.</small> – Persian oak – southwestern Asia
  • Quercus castaneifolia <small>C.A.Mey.</small> – chestnut-leaved oak – Caucasus, Iran (Persia)
  • Quercus cerris <small>L.</small> – Turkey oak – southern Europe, southwestern Asia
  • Quercus chenii <small>Nakai</small> – SE China
  • Quercus × crenata <small>Lam.</small> – Spanish oak – France, mainland Italy, Sicily, former Yugoslavia
  • Quercus gussonei – northern Sicily
  • Quercus apiculata <small>Djav.-Khoie</small> – northwestern Iran
  • Quercus carduchorum <small>Koch</small> – northwestern Iran
  • Quercus ithaburensis <small>Decne.</small> – southeastern Europe, southwestern Asia
  • Quercus ithaburensis subsp. ithaburensis — Mount Tabor's oak — Levant and southeast Anatolia
  • Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis, syn. Quercus macrolepis — Vallonea oak — # southeastern Europe, Anatolia
  • Quercus libani <small>G.Olivier</small> – Lebanon oak – southwestern Asia
  • Quercus look <small>Kotschy</small> – Levant
  • Quercus magnosquamata <small>Djav.-Khoie</small> – northwestern Iran
  • Quercus ophiosquamata <small>Djav.-Khoie</small> – northwestern Iran
  • Quercus persica <small>Jaub. & Spach</small> – western Iran
  • Quercus suber <small>L.</small> – cork oak – # southwestern Europe, northwestern Africa
  • Quercus trojana <small>Webb</small> – Macedonian oak – # southeastern Europe
  • Quercus ungeri <small>Kotschy</small> – northwestern Iran
  • Quercus variabilis <small>Blume</small> – Chinese cork oak – eastern Asia

Section Ilex

Species in section Ilex are native to Eurasia and northern Africa. Styles medium-long; acorns mature in 12–24 months, appearing hairy on the inside. Evergreen leaves, with bristle-like extensions on the teeth. (Sister group to sect. Cerris and sometimes included in it.)

Section Cyclobalanopsis

The ring-cupped oaks (synonym genus Cyclobalanopsis), native to eastern and southeastern tropical Asia. They have corns with distinctive cups bearing concrescent rings of scales. They commonly also have densely clustered acorns, though this does not apply to all of the species. About 90 species.

Species

Section uncertain

Intersectional hybrids

References

External links