Princess Mathilde Sophie of Oettingen-Oettingen and Oettingen-Spielberg (in German: Mathilde Sophie, Prinzessin zu Oettingen-Oettingen und Oettingen-Spielberg; 9 February 1816 â 20 January 1886) was a member of the Princely House of Oettingen-Spielberg and a Princess of Oettingen-Oettingen and Oettingen-Spielberg by birth.
Through her marriage to Maximilian Karl, 6th Prince of Thurn and Taxis, Mathilde Sophie was also a member of the Princely House of Thurn and Taxis and Princess consort of Thurn and Taxis.
Mathilde Sophie was the eldest daughter and second-eldest child of Johannes Aloysius III, Prince of Oettingen-Oettingen and Oettingen-Spielberg (1788-1855) and his wife, Princess Amalie Auguste von Wrede (1796-1871), eldest daughter of the Bavarian Generalfeldmarschall, Prince Karl Philipp von Wrede.
Mathilde Sophie married Maximilian Karl, 6th Prince of Thurn and Taxis, fourth child of Karl Alexander, 5th Prince of Thurn and Taxis and his wife, Duchess Therese of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, on 24 January 1839 in Oettingen, Kingdom of Bavaria.
She was his second wife, as his first spouse, Baroness Wilhelmine of Dörnberg, had died five years earlier, leaving him with four surviving children. Together, Princess Mathilde Sophie and Prince Maximilian Karl had twelve children, ten sons and two daughters:
Princess Mathilde Sophie died in Obermais, Meran, on 18 January 1886, at the age of 69, outliving her husband by 15 years. Her body was buried in the Gruftkapelle, St.Emmeram, Regensburg, Germany, alongside her husband and his first wife.