Praskovia Naumovna Arian (), née Belenkaia, (; 1864 â 28 March 1949) was a Russian writer, translator, feminist and educator. She founded the annual First Women's Calendar (Pervyi Zhenskii Kalendar â ) covering women's issues in Russia and later the (Pervyi Zhenskii Politekhnicheskii Institut â ). She wrote articles under the pseudonym "Ar." (). In the 1930s she taught courses for workers at the Kirov Plant in Leningrad.
Life
Arian was born to Jewish parents in either 1864 or 1865 in St. Petersburg, the capital of the Russian Empire. While a student in the physics and mathematics section of the St Petersburg Bestuzhev Higher WomenâÂÂs Courses (Vysshie Zhenskie (Bestuzhevskie) Kursy), Arian became radicalized. She completed her coursework, but failed to take her final exams. The date of her marriage to process engineer Miron Isaevich Arian () is unknown.
Work
Arian was a translator and journalist, writing for a variety of publications including (Birzhevye Vedomosti â ) and Art and Life (Iskusstvo i ZhiznâÂÂ), to name just two. She founded a daycare center for workers in St. Petersburg in 1884 and worked there for the next decade. In 1889, she founded the First Women's Calendar covering a wide range of issues of interest to women, including coverage of the major feminist organization and their congresses. Published annually until 1915, Arian was the publisher, editor and compiler of the Calendar. The writer Maxim Gorky, the radical activist Vera Figner, the artist Ilia Repin and the psychologist Vladimir Bekhterev all contributed to the Calendar.
First Women's Calendar
- 1899 year / ÃÂõÃÂòÃÂù öõýÃÂúøù úðûõýôðÃÂà/ áþÃÂÃÂ. ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂÃÂøÃÂý... - áðýúÃÂ-ÃÂõÃÂõÃÂñÃÂÃÂó : ÿðÃÂþòðàÃÂúþÃÂþÿõÃÂ. "âÃÂÃÂô", 1899-1915. - 20. ... ýð 1899 óþô. - 1899. - 12, XL, 186 ÃÂ., 3 û. øû.
- 1900 year / ÃÂõÃÂòÃÂù öõýÃÂúøù úðûõýôðÃÂà/ áþÃÂÃÂ. ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂÃÂøÃÂý... - áðýúÃÂ-ÃÂõÃÂõÃÂñÃÂÃÂó : ÿðÃÂþòðàÃÂúþÃÂþÿõÃÂ. "âÃÂÃÂô", 1899-1915. - 20. ... ýð 1900 óþô : ÃÂþô 2-ù. - áðýúÃÂ-ÃÂõÃÂõÃÂñÃÂÃÂó : ÃÂøÿ. áÿñ. ÃÂ-òð ÿõÃÂ. ø ø÷ô. ôõûð "âÃÂÃÂô", 1900. - XVI, 433 ÃÂ. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%9D%D0%B0_1900_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4.pdf
- 1901 year / ÃÂõÃÂòÃÂù öõýÃÂúøù úðûõýôðÃÂà/ áþÃÂÃÂ. ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂÃÂøÃÂý... - áðýúÃÂ-ÃÂõÃÂõÃÂñÃÂÃÂó : ÿðÃÂþòðàÃÂúþÃÂþÿõÃÂ. "âÃÂÃÂô", 1899-1915. - 20. ... ýð 1901 óþô : ÃÂþô 3-ù. - áðýúÃÂ-ÃÂõÃÂõÃÂñÃÂÃÂó : ÃÂøÿþ-ûøÃÂ. ÃÂ. ÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂõ ø ÃÂð, 1901. - XII, 476 ÃÂ., 7 û. ÿþÃÂÃÂÃÂ. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%9D%D0%B0_1901_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4.pdf
- 1902 year / ÃÂõÃÂòÃÂù öõýÃÂúøù úðûõýôðÃÂà/ áþÃÂÃÂ. ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂÃÂøÃÂý... - áðýúÃÂ-ÃÂõÃÂõÃÂñÃÂÃÂó : ÿðÃÂþòðàÃÂúþÃÂþÿõÃÂ. "âÃÂÃÂô", 1899-1915. - 20. ... ýð 1902 óþô : ÃÂþô 4-ù / ÃÂõôøÃÂøýÃÂúøù þÃÂôõû ÿþô ÃÂõô. ÿÃÂþÃÂ. ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂþòð. - áðýúÃÂ-ÃÂõÃÂõÃÂñÃÂÃÂó : ÃÂøÿ. áÿñ. þñÃÂ. ÿõÃÂ. ôõûð ò àþÃÂÃÂøø ÃÂ. ÃÂòôþúøüþò, 1902. - XVI, 490 ÃÂ., 7 û. ÿþÃÂÃÂÃÂ. : øû.
- 1903 year / ÃÂõÃÂòÃÂù öõýÃÂúøù úðûõýôðÃÂà/ áþÃÂÃÂ. ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂÃÂøÃÂý... - áðýúÃÂ-ÃÂõÃÂõÃÂñÃÂÃÂó : ÿðÃÂþòðàÃÂúþÃÂþÿõÃÂ. "âÃÂÃÂô", 1899-1915. - 20. ... ýð 1903 óþô : ÃÂþô 5-ù / ÃÂõôøÃÂøýÃÂúøù þÃÂôõû ÿþô ÃÂõô. ÿÃÂþÃÂ. ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂþòð. - áðýúÃÂ-ÃÂõÃÂõÃÂñÃÂÃÂó : ÃÂ. ÃÂþÿÿõ, 1903. - (2), XVIII, 546 ÃÂ., 11 û. ÿþÃÂÃÂÃÂ
- 1904 year / ÃÂõÃÂòÃÂù öõýÃÂúøù úðûõýôðÃÂà/ áþÃÂÃÂ. ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂÃÂøÃÂý... - áðýúÃÂ-ÃÂõÃÂõÃÂñÃÂÃÂó : ÿðÃÂþòðàÃÂúþÃÂþÿõÃÂ. "âÃÂÃÂô", 1899-1915. - 20. ... ýð 1904 óþô : ÃÂþô 6-ù / ÃÂõôøÃÂøýÃÂúøù þÃÂôõû ÿþô ÃÂõô. ÿÃÂþÃÂ. ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂþòð. - áðýúÃÂ-ÃÂõÃÂõÃÂñÃÂÃÂó : ÃÂ-òþ ÿõÃÂ. ø ø÷ô. ôõûð "ÃÂðÃÂ. ÿþûÃÂ÷ð", 1904. - 20, 514 ÃÂ., 22 û. øû. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%9D%D0%B0_1904_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4.pdf
- 1905 year / ÃÂõÃÂòÃÂù öõýÃÂúøù úðûõýôðÃÂà/ áþÃÂÃÂ. ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂÃÂøÃÂý... - áðýúÃÂ-ÃÂõÃÂõÃÂñÃÂÃÂó : ÿðÃÂþòðàÃÂúþÃÂþÿõÃÂ. "âÃÂÃÂô", 1899-1915. - 20. ... ýð 1905 óþô : ÃÂþô 7-ù / ÃÂõôøÃÂøýÃÂúøù þÃÂôõû ÿþô ÃÂõô. ÿÃÂþÃÂ. ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂþòð. - áðýúÃÂ-ÃÂõÃÂõÃÂñÃÂÃÂó : ÃÂ-òþ ÿõÃÂ. ø ø÷ô. ôõûð "ÃÂðÃÂ. ÿþûÃÂ÷ð", 1905. - 2, XVI, 482 ÃÂ., 17 û. øû. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%9D%D0%B0_1905_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4.pdf
- 1906 year / ÃÂõÃÂòÃÂù öõýÃÂúøù úðûõýôðÃÂà/ áþÃÂÃÂ. ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂÃÂøÃÂý... - áðýúÃÂ-ÃÂõÃÂõÃÂñÃÂÃÂó : ÿðÃÂþòðàÃÂúþÃÂþÿõÃÂ. "âÃÂÃÂô", 1899-1915. - 20. ... ýð 1906 óþô : ÃÂþô 8-ù. - 1906. - (1), XXV, 399 ÃÂ., 8 û. ÿþÃÂÃÂÃÂ.
- 1907 year / ÃÂõÃÂòÃÂù öõýÃÂúøù úðûõýôðÃÂà/ áþÃÂÃÂ. ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂÃÂøÃÂý... - áðýúÃÂ-ÃÂõÃÂõÃÂñÃÂÃÂó : ÿðÃÂþòðàÃÂúþÃÂþÿõÃÂ. "âÃÂÃÂô", 1899-1915. - 20. ... ýð 1907 óþô : ÃÂþô 9-ù : ÃÂõôøÃÂøýÃÂúøù þÃÂôõû ÃÂþ ÃÂÃÂðÃÂÃÂÃÂüø òÃÂðÃÂõù: ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂõÃÂúþòÃÂúþù, ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂþúÃÂþòÃÂúþù, ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂþÿþòþù ø ôÃÂ.. ÃÂÃÂôõû "ÃÂ÷ ÿÃÂþÃÂûþóþ ø ýðÃÂÃÂþÃÂÃÂõóþ" ÃÂþ ÃÂÃÂðÃÂÃÂÃÂüø ÃÂ.ï. ÃÂÃÂÃÂõòøÃÂ, á.ÃÂ. ÃÂòðýþòþù, ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂðÃÂóÃÂûøõàø ôÃÂ. - áðýúÃÂ-ÃÂõÃÂõÃÂñÃÂÃÂó : ÃÂøÿ. ÃÂ.ä. àõòøÃÂÃÂõÃÂð, 1907. - XXII, 430 ÃÂ., 17 û. ÿþÃÂÃÂ. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%9D%D0%B0_1907_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4.pdf
- 1908 year / ÃÂõÃÂòÃÂù öõýÃÂúøù úðûõýôðÃÂà/ áþÃÂÃÂ. ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂÃÂøÃÂý... - áðýúÃÂ-ÃÂõÃÂõÃÂñÃÂÃÂó : ÿðÃÂþòðàÃÂúþÃÂþÿõÃÂ. "âÃÂÃÂô", 1899-1915. - 20. ... ýð 1908 óþô : ÃÂþô 10-ù : ÃÂÃÂôõû "ÃÂ÷ ÿÃÂþÃÂûþóþ ø ýðÃÂÃÂþÃÂÃÂõóþ" ÃÂþ ÃÂÃÂðÃÂÃÂÃÂüø ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂþÃÂþ÷þòð, ÃÂõÃÂàÃÂøú. äøóýõÃÂ, ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂÃÂôÃÂøýð. ÃÂõôøÃÂøýÃÂúøù þÃÂôõû ÃÂþ ÃÂÃÂðÃÂÃÂÃÂüø òÃÂðÃÂõù: ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂõÃÂúþòÃÂúþù, ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂþÿþòþù ø ÃÂ.ÃÂ. èðÿøÃÂþ. - áðýúÃÂ-ÃÂõÃÂõÃÂñÃÂÃÂó : ÃÂøÿ. ÃÂ.ä. àõòøÃÂÃÂõÃÂð, 1908. - XVI, 320, 48 ÃÂ., 1 û. øû. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%9D%D0%B0_1908_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4.pdf
- 1909 year / ÃÂõÃÂòÃÂù öõýÃÂúøù úðûõýôðÃÂà/ áþÃÂÃÂ. ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂÃÂøÃÂý... - áðýúÃÂ-ÃÂõÃÂõÃÂñÃÂÃÂó : ÿðÃÂþòðàÃÂúþÃÂþÿõÃÂ. "âÃÂÃÂô", 1899-1915. - 20. ... ýð 1909 óþô : ÃÂþô 11-ù : ÃÂÃÂôõû "ÃÂ÷ ÿÃÂþÃÂûþóþ ø ýðÃÂÃÂþÃÂÃÂõóþ" ÃÂþ ÃÂÃÂðÃÂÃÂÃÂüø ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂðÃÂÃÂüðýð, ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂÃÂôÃÂøýð, ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂÃÂÃÂøýÃÂúþù ø ôÃÂ. ÃÂõôøÃÂøýÃÂúøù þÃÂôõû ÃÂþ ÃÂÃÂðÃÂÃÂÃÂüø òÃÂðÃÂõù: ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂþûÃÂúõýÃÂÃÂõùý, ÃÂ.î. ÃÂðüøýÃÂúþù, ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂõÃÂúþòÃÂúþù ø ôÃÂ. - áðýúÃÂ-ÃÂõÃÂõÃÂñÃÂÃÂó : ÃÂøÿ. ÃÂ-òð "ÃÂñÃÂõÃÂÃÂò. ÿþûÃÂ÷ð", 1909. - 286, 166, XXXIV ÃÂ. : øû. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%9D%D0%B0_1909_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4.pdf
- 1910 year / ÃÂõÃÂòÃÂù öõýÃÂúøù úðûõýôðÃÂà/ áþÃÂÃÂ. ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂÃÂøÃÂý... - áðýúÃÂ-ÃÂõÃÂõÃÂñÃÂÃÂó : ÿðÃÂþòðàÃÂúþÃÂþÿõÃÂ. "âÃÂÃÂô", 1899-1915. - 20. ... ýð 1910 óþô : XII óþô / ÃÂÃÂø ÃÂÃÂðÃÂÃÂøø ðúðô. ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂõÃÂ
ÃÂõÃÂõòð, ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂþûúþòþù, ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂÃÂôÃÂøýð ø ôÃÂ.. - áðýúÃÂ-ÃÂõÃÂõÃÂñÃÂÃÂó : ÃÂøÿ. ÃÂ.ï. ÃÂòðÃÂð, 1910. - 447 ÃÂ. ÃÂð÷ô. ÿðó., 4 û. øû. : øû.
- 1911 year / ÃÂõÃÂòÃÂù öõýÃÂúøù úðûõýôðÃÂà/ [áþÃÂÃÂ.] ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂÃÂøÃÂý... - áðýúÃÂ-ÃÂõÃÂõÃÂñÃÂÃÂó : ÿðÃÂþòðàÃÂúþÃÂþÿõÃÂ. "âÃÂÃÂô", [1899]-[1915]. - 20. ... ýð 1911 óþô : XIII óþô / ÃÂÃÂø ÃÂÃÂðÃÂÃÂøø ðúðô. ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂõÃÂ
ÃÂõÃÂõòð, ÃÂ. ÃÂþÃÂÃÂúþóþ, ÃÂ.ï. ÃÂÃÂøüõýúþ [ø ôÃÂ.]. - áðýúÃÂ-ÃÂõÃÂõÃÂñÃÂÃÂó : ÃÂøÿ. "áõòõÃÂ", [1911]. - [2], VIII, 7-146, 291 ÃÂ., 2 û. øû.
- 1912 year / ÃÂõÃÂòÃÂù öõýÃÂúøù úðûõýôðÃÂà/ [áþÃÂÃÂ.] ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂÃÂøÃÂý... - áðýúÃÂ-ÃÂõÃÂõÃÂñÃÂÃÂó : ÿðÃÂþòðàÃÂúþÃÂþÿõÃÂ. "âÃÂÃÂô", [1899]-[1915]. - 20. ... ýð 1912 óþô : XIV ó. : áþ ÃÂÃÂðÃÂÃÂÃÂüø öõýÃÂ.-òÃÂðÃÂõù ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂþûúþòþù ø á.á. ÃÂþûÃÂÃÂúõ, ÿÃÂþÃÂ. ÃÂõóõýð [ø ôÃÂ.]. - [áðýúÃÂ-ÃÂõÃÂõÃÂñÃÂÃÂó : 1-àöõýÃÂú. ÃÂøÿ. ÃÂ-òð "ÃÂõÃÂðÃÂýþóþ ÃÂÃÂðýúð", [1912]. - 418 ÃÂ. ÃÂð÷ô. ÿðó., 5 û. ÿþÃÂÃÂÃÂ.
- 1913 year / ÃÂõÃÂòÃÂù öõýÃÂúøù úðûõýôðÃÂà/ áþÃÂÃÂ. ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂÃÂøÃÂý... - áðýúÃÂ-ÃÂõÃÂõÃÂñÃÂÃÂó : ÿðÃÂþòðàÃÂúþÃÂþÿõÃÂ. "âÃÂÃÂô", - 20. ... ýð 1913 óþô : XV ó. - áðýúÃÂ-ÃÂõÃÂõÃÂñÃÂÃÂó : ÃÂøÿ. "ÃÂõÃÂõöûøòþÃÂÃÂÃÂ", 1913. - 442 ÃÂ. ÃÂð÷ô. ÿðó., 8 û. ÿþÃÂÃÂÃÂ. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%9D%D0%B0_1913_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4.pdf
- 1914 year / ÃÂõÃÂòÃÂù öõýÃÂúøù úðûõýôðÃÂà/ [áþÃÂÃÂ.] ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂÃÂøÃÂý... - áðýúÃÂ-ÃÂõÃÂõÃÂñÃÂÃÂó : ÿðÃÂþòðàÃÂúþÃÂþÿõÃÂ. "âÃÂÃÂô", 1899-1915. - 20. ... ýð 1914 óþô : XVI ó. - áðýúÃÂ-ÃÂõÃÂõÃÂñÃÂÃÂó : ÃÂøÿ. "ÃÂõÃÂõöûøòþÃÂÃÂÃÂ", [1914]. - XXXVIII, 380 ÃÂ., 6 û. ÿþÃÂÃÂÃÂ.
- 1915 year / ÃÂõÃÂòÃÂù öõýÃÂúøù úðûõýôðÃÂà/ [áþÃÂÃÂ.] ÃÂ.ÃÂ. ÃÂÃÂøÃÂý... - áðýúÃÂ-ÃÂõÃÂõÃÂñÃÂÃÂó : ÿðÃÂþòðàÃÂúþÃÂþÿõÃÂ. "âÃÂÃÂô", [1899]-[1915]. - 20. ... ýð 1915 óþô : XVII ó. ÃÂõÃÂÃÂþóÃÂðô : ÃÂøÿ. "ï. âÃÂõù", [1915]. - [8], 168 ÃÂ. : øû.
Translations
- ÃÂþÃÂõûÃÂ, ÃÂûõüðý. ëï - ÷ðÃÂôûÃÂù ñÃÂÃÂöÃÂùû (): àþüðý / ÃÂûõüðý ÃÂþÃÂõûà; ÃÂõÃÂ. àÃÂÃÂðýÃÂ. ÃÂ. ÃÂ. ÃÂÃÂøÃÂý. - ÃÂõýøýóÃÂðô : ÃÂýøöýÃÂõ ýþòøýúø, [1926]. - 218, [2] ÃÂ.;
- ÃÂðÃÂóõÃÂøÃÂ, ÃÂøúÃÂþÃÂ. ëÃÂþûþôÃÂõ ôõòÃÂÃÂúøû (): àþüðý / ÃÂøúÃÂþàÃÂðÃÂóõÃÂøà; ÃÂõÃÂ. àÃÂÃÂðýÃÂ. ÃÂ. ÃÂ. ÃÂÃÂøÃÂý. - ÃÂõýøýóÃÂðô ; ÃÂþÃÂúòð : ÃÂõÃÂÃÂþóÃÂðô, [1927]. - 173 ÃÂ.;
- èõÃÂþ, ÃÂðÃÂÃÂþý. ëÃÂðÿÃÂø÷àÃÂÃÂôÃÂñÃÂû = : [àðÃÂÃÂúð÷ÃÂ] / ÃÂðÃÂÃÂþý èõÃÂþ ; ÃÂõÃÂ. àÃÂÃÂðýÃÂ. ÃÂ. ÃÂÃÂøÃÂý, ÃÂ. ÃÂøñøÃÂÃÂø. - ÃÂõýøýóÃÂðô ; ÃÂþÃÂúòð : ÃÂýøóð, [1927] (ÃÂ. : ÃÂøÿ. ÃÂ.ÃÂ.ÃÂ¥. øü. ä. ï. ÃÂðòÃÂþòð). - 111 ÃÂ.;
Notes
References