Poyner Township is one of seventeen rural townships in Black Hawk County, Iowa, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 2,581.
The township was named for Nathan Poyner, a pioneer minister.
Poyner Township covers an area of and contains two incorporated settlements: Gilbertville and Raymond. According to the USGS, it contains four cemeteries: Poyner Township, Saint Joseph's, Saint Mary's and Saint Mary's Catholic.