The thorny-headed worm family Polymorphidae contains endoparasites which as adults feed mainly in fish and aquatic birds. When this taxon was erected by Meyer in 1931, a subfamily Polymorphinae was established in it. As the Polymorphidae as presently understood would then be monotypic, with no basal genera outside the Polymorphinae, the proposed subfamily is redundant for the time being and therefore most modern treatments simply omit it. Polymorphus minutus is an economically significant parasite in goose and duck farming.
Species
Polymorphidae contains the following species:
Andracantha
Andracantha <small>Schmidt, 1975</small> contains many species:
- Andracantha baylisi <small>(Zdzitowiecki, 1986) Zdzitowiecki, 1989</small>
- Andracantha clavata <small>(Goss, 1940)</small>
- Andracantha gravida <small>(Alegret, 1941) Schmidt, 1975</small>
- Andracantha mergi <small>Lundström, 1942</small>
- Andracantha phalacrocoracis <small>(Yamaguti, 1939)</small>
- Andracantha tandemtesticulata <small>Monteiro, Amato & Amato, 2006</small>
- Andracantha tunitae <small>(Weiss, 1914)</small>
Ardeirhynchus
Ardeirhynchus <small>Dimitrova and Georgiev, 1994</small>
- Ardeirhynchus spiralis <small>(Rudolphi, 1809)</small>
Arhythmorhynchus
Arhythmorhynchus <small>Lühe, 1911</small>
- Arhythmorhynchus capellae <small>(Yamaguti, 1935)</small>
- Arhythmorhynchus comptus <small>Van Cleave & Rausch, 1950</small>
- Arhythmorhynchus distinctus <small>Baer, 1956</small>
- Arhythmorhynchus eroliae <small>(Yamaguti, 1939)</small>
- Arhythmorhynchus frassoni <small>(Molin, 1858)</small>
- Arhythmorhynchus frontospinosus <small>(Tubangui, 1935)</small>
- Arhythmorhynchus jeffreyi <small>Schmidt, 1973</small>
- Arhythmorhynchus johnstoni <small>Golvan, 1960</small>
- Arhythmorhynchus limosae <small>Edmonds, 1971</small>
- Arhythmorhynchus petrochenkoi <small>(Schmidt, 1969)</small>
- Arhythmorhynchus plicatus <small>(von Linstow, 1883)</small>
- Arhythmorhynchus pumiliorostris <small>Van Cleave, 1916</small>
- Arhythmorhynchus rubicundus <small>(Molin, 1859)</small>
- Arhythmorhynchus siluricola <small>Dollfus, 1929</small>
- Arhythmorhynchus suecicus <small>Lundström, 1942</small>
- Arhythmorhynchus teres <small>Van Cleave, 1920</small>
- Arhythmorhynchus tigrinus <small>Moghe and Das, 1953</small>
- Arhythmorhynchus trichocephalus <small>(Leuckart, 1876)</small>
- Arhythmorhynchus tringi <small>Gubanov, 1952</small>
- Arhythmorhynchus turbidus <small>(Van Cleave, 1937)</small>
- Arhythmorhynchus uncinatus <small>(Kaiser, 1893) Lühe, 1912</small>
- Arhythmorhynchus villoti <small>Golvan, 1994</small>
- Arhythmorhynchus xeni <small>Atrashkevich, 1978</small>
Bolbosoma
There are twelve species assigned to the genus Bolbosoma <small>Porta, 1908</small>
Corynosoma
Corynosoma <small>Lühe, 1904</small> contains many species
- Corynosoma alaskense <small>Golvan, 1958</small>
- Corynosoma australe <small>Johnston, 1937</small>
- Corynosoma beaglense <small>Laskowski, JeÃ
¼ewski & Zdzitowiecki, 2008</small>
- Corynosoma bullosum <small>(Linstow, 1892)</small>
- Corynosoma cameroni <small>Van Cleave, 1953</small>
- Corynosoma capsicum <small>Golvan and Mokhayer, 1973</small>
- Corynosoma cetaceum <small>Johnston & Best, 1942</small>
- Corynosoma curilense <small>Gubanov, 1942</small>
- Corynosoma enhydri <small>Morozov, 1940</small>
- Corynosoma eperlani <small>(Linstow, 1884)</small>
- Corynosoma erignathi <small>Stryukov, 2000</small>
- Corynosoma evae <small>Zdzitowiecki, 1984</small>
- Corynosoma falcatum <small>Van Cleave, 1953</small>
- Corynosoma gibsoni <small>Zdzitowiecki, 1986</small>
- Corynosoma hadweni <small>Van Cleave, 1953</small>
- Corynosoma hamanni <small>(Linstow, 1892)</small>
- Corynosoma hannae <small>Zdzitowiecki, 1984</small>
- Corynosoma longilemniscatus <small>Machado-Filho, 1961</small>
- Corynosoma macrosomum <small>Neiland, 1962</small>
- Corynosoma magdaleni <small>Montreuil, 1958</small>
- Corynosoma mandarinca <small>Oshmarin, 1963</small>
- Corynosoma obtuscens <small>Lincicome, 1943</small>
- Corynosoma osmeri <small>Fujita, 1921</small>
- Corynosoma otariae <small>Morini and Boero, 1961</small>
- Corynosoma pseudohamanni <small>Zdzitowiecki, 1984</small>
- Corynosoma pyriforme <small>(Bremser, 1824)</small>
- Corynosoma rauschi <small>Golvan, 1958</small>
- Corynosoma reductum <small>(Linstow, 1905)</small>
- Corynosoma semerme <small>(Forssell, 1904)</small>
- Corynosoma septentrionale <small>Treshchev, 1966</small>
- Corynosoma seropedicus <small>Machado-Filho, 1970</small>
- Corynosoma shackletoni <small>Zdzitowiecki, 1978</small>
- Corynosoma simile <small>Neiland, 1962</small>
- Corynosoma stanleyi <small>Smales, 1986</small>
- Corynosoma strumosum <small>(Rudolphi, 1802) Lühe, 1904</small>
- Corynosoma sudsuche <small>Belopolskaia, 1958</small>
- Corynosoma validum <small>Van Cleave, 1953</small>
- Corynosoma ventronudum <small>Skrjabin, 1959</small>
- Corynosoma villosum <small>Van Cleave, 1953</small>
- Corynosoma wegeneri <small>Heinze, 1934</small>
Diplospinifer <small>Fukui, 1929</small>
Filicollis
Filicollis <small>Lühe, 1911</small> contains two species.
Ibirhynchus
Ibirhynchus <small>GarcÃÂa-Valera, Pérez-Ponce de León, Aznar and Nadler, 2011</small>
Neoandracantha
Neoandracantha <small>Amin & Heckmann, 2017</small> is a monotypic genus containing only Neoandracantha peruensis <small>Amin & Heckmann, 2017</small>
Polymorphus
The genus polymorphus <small>Lühe, 1911</small> uses amphipod crustaceans as intermediate hosts and various birds as final hosts. The genus used to be a larger group, but species that were formerly placed in the genus have now been placed in the genus Profilicollis based on morphological characteristics and the use of decapod crustaceans as intermediate hosts.
- Polymorphus actuganensis <small>Petrochenko, 1949</small>
- Polymorphus acutis <small>Van Cleave and Starrett, 1940</small>
- Polymorphus arctocephali <small>Smales, 1986</small>
- Polymorphus ariusis <small>(Bilqees, 1971)</small>
- Polymorphus biziurae <small>Johnston and Edmonds, 1948</small>
- Polymorphus boschadis <small>(Schrank, 1788)</small>
- Polymorphus brevis <small>(Van Cleave, 1916)</small>
- Polymorphus chongqingensis <small>Liu, Zhang and Zhang, 1990</small>
- Polymorphus cincli <small>Belopolskaya, 1959</small>
- Polymorphus contortus <small>(Bremser in Westrumb, 1821)</small>
- Polymorphus corynoides <small>Skrjabin, 1913</small>
- Polymorphus corynosoma <small>Travassos, 1915</small>
- Polymorphus crassus <small>Van Cleave, 1924</small>
- Polymorphus cucullatus <small>Van Cleave and Starrett, 1940</small>
- Polymorphus diploinflatus <small>Lundström, 1942</small>
- Polymorphus fatimaae <small>Khan, Dharejo, Birmani and Bilqees, 2008</small>
- Polymorphus fulicai <small>Birmani, Dharejo and Khan, 2011</small>
- Polymorphus gavii <small>Hokhlova, 1965</small>
- Polymorphus inermis <small>Travassos, 1923</small>
- Polymorphus karachiensis <small>(Bilqees, 1971)</small>
- Polymorphus kostylewi <small>Petrochenko, 1949</small>
- Polymorphus magnus <small>Skrjabin, 1913</small>
- Polymorphus marchii <small>(Porta, 1910)</small>
- Polymorphus marilis <small>Van Cleave, 1939</small>
- Polymorphus mathevossianae <small>Petrochenko, 1949</small>
- Polymorphus meyeri <small>Lundström, 1942</small>
- Polymorphus miniatus <small>(von Linstow, 1896)</small>
- Polymorphus minutus <small>(Goeze, 1782)</small>
- Polymorphus mohiuddini <small>Muti-ur-Rahman, Khan, Bilqees and Khatoon, 2008</small>
- Polymorphus mutabilis <small>(Rudolphi, 1819)</small>
- Polymorphus nickoli <small>Khan and Bilqees, 1998</small>
- Polymorphus obtusus <small>Van Cleave, 1918</small>
- Polymorphus paradoxus <small>Connell and Corner, 1957</small>
- Polymorphus paucihamatus <small>Heinze, 1936</small>
- Polymorphus phippsi <small>Kostylew, 1922</small>
- Polymorphus piriformis <small>(Bremser in Rudolphi, 1819)</small>
- Polymorphus pupa <small>(von Linstow, 1905)</small>
- Polymorphus sichuanensis <small>Wang and Zhang, 1987</small>
- Polymorphus sindensis <small>Khan, Ghazi and Bilqees, 2002</small>
- Polymorphus spindlatus <small>Amin and Heckmann, 1991</small>
- Polymorphus striatus <small>(Goeze, 1782)</small>
- Polymorphus strumosoides <small>Lundström, 1942</small>
- Polymorphus swartzi <small>Schmidt, 1965</small>
- Polymorphus trochus <small>Van Cleave, 1945</small>
Profilicollis
Profilicollis <small>Meyer, 1931</small> contains many species:
- Profilicollis altmani <small>(Perry, 1942) Van Cleave, 1947</small>
- Profilicollis antarcticus <small>(Zdzitowiecki, 1985)</small>
- Profilicollis arcticus <small>(Van Cleave, 1920)</small>
- Profilicollis botulus <small>(Van Cleave, 1916)</small>
- Profilicollis chasmagnathi <small>(Holcman-Spector, Mañé-Garzón & Dei-Cas, 1977) Golvan, 1994</small>
- Profilicollis formosus <small>(Schmidt & Kuntz, 1967)</small>
- Profilicollis major <small>(Lundström, 1942)</small>
- Profilicollis novaezelandensis <small>Brockerhoff & Smales, 2002</small>
- Profilicollis sphaerocephalus <small>(Bremser in Rudolphi, 1819)</small>
Pseudocorynosoma
Pseudocorynosoma <small>Aznar, Pérez-Ponce de León & Raga, 2006</small> contains several species:
- Pseudocorynosoma anatarium <small>(Van Cleave, 1945) Aznar, Pérez-Ponce de León & Raga, 2006</small>
- Pseudocorynosoma constrictum <small>(Van Cleave, 1918) Aznar, Pérez-Ponce de León & Raga, 2006</small>
- Pseudocorynosoma enrietti <small>(Molfi & Fernandes, 1953) Aznar, Pérez-Ponce de León & Raga, 2006</small>
- Pseudocorynosoma iheringi <small>(Machado-Filho, 1961) Aznar, Pérez-Ponce de León & Raga, 2006</small>
- Pseudocorynosoma peposacae <small>(Porta, 1914) Aznar, Pérez-Ponce de León & Raga, 2006</small>
- Pseudocorynosoma tepehuanesi <small>GarcÃÂa-Varela, Henández-Orts & Pinacho-Pinacho, 2017</small>
Southwellina
Southwellina <small>Witenberg, 1932</small> contains three species:
- Southwellina hispida <small>(Van Cleave, 1925)</small>
- Southwellina macracanthus <small>(Ward and Winter, 1952)</small>
- Southwellina sacra <small>Bhattacharya, Pande & Srivastaca, 2002</small>
Tenuisoma
Tenuisoma contains one species:
T. tarapungi was found in the intestines of the red-billed gull (Chroicocephalus scopulinus) on the coast of Otago, New Zealand.
Notes
References
External links